=8. Peace with England.=--Next year, peace was made at _Durham_. Earl Henry was invested with the earldom of _Northumberland_, though Stephen kept _Bamborough_ and _Newcastle_, and David continued to administer the affairs of the northern counties till his death. Two years after this peace he again took up arms in favour of Matilda, and narrowly escaped being taken prisoner when her forces were routed at _Winchester_; and it was by David at his court at Carlisle that her son _Henry of Anjou_ was knighted. The close of David's life was embittered by the death of his only son _Henry_, a just man and a brave soldier, whose loss was universally lamented. He had married _Ada de Warenne_, daughter of the _Earl of Surrey_, and left three sons, _Malcolm_, _William_, and _David_, the two eldest of whom reigned in succession. His eldest daughter _Ada_ married _Florence Count of Holland_, and got the promise of _Ross_, a great tract of the Highlands, as her dowry. After the death of his son David sent his eldest grandson through the provinces to be acknowledged as his successor, and within a few months he died at Carlisle, and was buried beside his parents at Dunfermline. =9. Internal Improvements.=--David was both a good man and a great king. He upheld the honour of his kingdom abroad, and did so much for the welfare of his people at home, that most of the social and political institutions of the later kingdom were afterwards ascribed to him. It is true that he introduced a foreign baronage, for he encouraged many Norman barons to come to his court, and by the lands which he gave them induced them to settle in the country. He thus gave great offence to the native chiefs; but he did not forget the interests of the Commons, for he increased the number of the royal burghs and granted many privileges and immunities to the burghers. The life of David has been written by his friend and admirer, _Æthelred_ the _Abbot of Rievaulx_. He has drawn an attractive picture of an able and virtuous prince, kindly and courteous alike to high and low; ever ready to listen to the complaints of all his subjects and to set wrong right, and never turning his face away from any poor man. He tells us how the King himself dealt out justice to his subjects, and in his progress through the several districts of his kingdom, used, on set days, in person to hear the suits and to redress the wrongs of the poor and oppressed among his people. Six bishoprics--_Dunblane_, _Brechin_, _Aberdeen_, _Ross_, _Caithness_, and _Glasgow_--were either founded or restored by him; and many abbeys date their foundation from his reign. He carried on the work of church reform by inducing the Culdees to conform to more regular ways, on pain of being turned out of their monasteries. His reign lasted twenty-nine years, during which time the country continued to advance steadily in wealth, fertility, and civilization. There is little doubt that, had his successor possessed