the same abilities, the future boundary of the kingdom would have been the _Tees_ instead of the _Tweed_. =10. Malcolm IV., 1153-1165.=--Malcolm was not quite twelve years old when he came to the throne: the fact that he retained possession of it proves that the principle of hereditary succession was gaining ground, and that his grandfather David had put down the unruly spirit of the northern clans and had more firmly established a regular government. =11. Subjection of Galloway.=--The principal event of Malcolm's reign was the subjection of _Galloway_, which was now reduced to direct dependence on the Crown. A rising, the object of which was to dethrone Malcolm and to set up his brother _William_ in his stead, had been planned by some of the nobles while Malcolm was in _Aquitaine_, helping _Henry the Second_ of England in his war with France. Soon after his return in 1160, they surrounded the city of Perth where he was holding his court, and tried to take him prisoner. But they were dispersed and routed, and though the chiefs fled to _Galloway_, Malcolm followed them and reduced the district. _Fergus_, the _Lord of Galloway_, ended his days in the monastery of _Holyrood_. A few years later another dangerous enemy rose against Malcolm. This was _Somerled_, the Lord of Argyle, who ruled the western coast with the power, though without the title, of King. He landed near _Renfrew_ on the _Clyde_, with a large force, but was almost immediately slain by treachery, and after his death his followers dispersed and returned to their several islands without doing any serious mischief. An increase of power was thus won for the Crown within the limits of the kingdom, but on the other hand the northern counties of England, which had been held by David, were lost, for Henry of England obliged Malcolm to give up all claim to them at _Chester_, where the two Kings met in 1157. At the same time Malcolm was invested with the _Honour of Huntingdon_ on the same terms as those on which it had been held by David. =12. William the Lion, 1165-1214.=--_William_ surnamed _the Lion_ succeeded his brother Malcolm. He was eager to regain the earldom of _Northumberland_, which his father had held and which his brother had lost. As Henry of England refused it to him, he aided the sons of that monarch in their rebellion against their father, and, when Henry was absent in France, he invaded his kingdom and took several strongholds. But by his own imprudence he was surprised and captured, with the best of his nobles, while tilting in a meadow close by the walls of _Alnwick_, and was sent for greater security to _Falaise_, in Normandy, July 1174.