Carucage, i. 350 Casale seized by Lewis XIV., vi. 335 Cashel, synod at, i. 253 Cassel, battles of, ii. 216; vi. 289 Cassano, battle of, viii. 139 Castille, Constance of, second wife of John of Gaunt, ii. 287, 302 Castillon, Talbot defeated at, iii. 71 Castlebar, battle of, viii. 130 Castlemaine, Barbara Palmer, Countess of, vi. 221, 272; vii. 108. _See_ Cleveland. Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount, arranges the union with Ireland, viii. 153; quarrel with Canning, 188, 189; Foreign Secretary, 197 Cateau-Cambrésis, treaty of, iv. 155, 158, 159, 171 Catesby, Robert, v. 157, 158. Catharine of Aragon marries Arthur Tudor, iii. 186, 187; betrothed to Henry, 187, 188; marries him, 207; opposes the divorce, 269, 270, 276; banished from the palace, 298; her marriage annulled by Convocation, 303; confirmed by Pope and Cardinals, 304 Catharine of Braganza, wife of Charles II., vi. 192 Catharine of France, wife of Henry V., iii. 24, 35, 165 Catharine of Medicis, queen-regent of France, iv. 188; her policy towards the Huguenots, 206-208; treaty with them, 216, 217; with England, 219; meeting with Alva, 225; negotiates with Elizabeth, 297; unites with the Guises against the Huguenots, 299; resumes her policy of toleration, 301 Catharine II., Empress of Russia viii. 84, 85, 95 Catholics, English, their position under Elizabeth, iv. 149, 195, 196; forbidden to join in Common Prayer, 214; fined for recusancy, _ib._; attitude towards Mary Stuart, 220; their scheme for the succession, _ib._, 221; plot against Elizabeth, 266, 267; rise, 268; defeated, 269; attitude towards the Bull of Deposition, 270; persecution of, 308, 309, 319-322; new plots, 350; Philip's and Allen's hopes of, 354; their loyalty, 358, 359; materials for their history, 5; James I. gives them relief, v. 150; begins to persecute them, 156, 157; their plots, 157-159; position under Charles II., vi. 185, 186, 220, 291, 293; excluded from Parliament, 297; admitted to office, etc., by James II., vii. 14, 15; included in his Declaration of Indulgence, 22; position under Walpole, 198; projects for their emancipation, viii. 179, 195, 196; Confederate, v. 366; vi. 15, 16; Irish, Charles I.'s and Wentworth's dealings with, v. 364; their condition in eighteenth century, viii. 33, 34, 117; plans for their emancipation, 119, 120, 152-155 Catinat, Marshal, vii. 75 Cavaliers, v. 372 Cavendish, William, Lord, head of the Country party, vi. 272; takes office, 300; opposes the Exclusion Bill, 308; resigns, 315. _See_ Devonshire. Cavendish's _Life of Wolsey_, iii. 83 Caxton, William, iii. 155-162 Ceadda or Chad, St., i. 73 Ceawlin, king of Wessex, i. 56 Cecil, Richard, viii. 47