Cambridge, University of, its charters burnt by townsfolk, ii. 324; the New Learning at, iii. 201; Erasmus at, _ib._, 212, 213; resistance to benevolences at, 251; Lutherans at, 262; forced to approve Henry VIII.'s divorce, 292; foreign Protestants at, iv. 51; James II.'s dealings with, vii. 24 Cambridge, Edmund, first Earl of, ii. 287. _See_ York Cambridge, Richard, second Earl of, iii. 30, 56, 57 Cambridge, Richard, third Earl of. _See_ York Camden, Charles Pratt, first Lord, vii. 340; viii. 15 Camden, John Jeffreys Pratt, second Earl, viii. 120. Camden, William, v. 4; his _Life of Elizabeth_, iv. 3. Campeggio, Cardinal, iii. 272, 274, 277 Camperdown, battle of, viii. 127 Campian, Edmund, iv. 318, 320 Campo Formio, treaty of, viii. 125 Camulodunum (Colchester) reduced by East Saxons, i. 35 Canada, French settlement in, vii. 242; Montcalm in, 244; conquered by the English, 269; ceded to England, 307; attacked by America, viii. 23, 203, 204; self-government granted to, 92 Canals, introduction of, viii. 55, 56 Canning, George, viii. 71; Foreign Secretary, 180; his dealings with Denmark, _ib._; Orders in Council, 181; supports rising in Spain, 186, 187; quarrel with Castlereagh, 188, 189; resigns, 189; presses for Catholic emancipation, 195 Canons of 1604, v. 156; Scotch, of 1636, 327 Canterbury, i. 57; archbishopric founded at, 59; becomes ecclesiastical centre of England, 83; sacked by northmen, 142; Theodore's school at, 92; historians of, 243; gild of Thanes at, 299; Walloon refugees at, iv. 51; Protestant martyrs in, 96; Church of Huguenots at, 306 Cape of Good Hope ceded to England, viii. 112 Capel, Arthur, first Lord, vi. 72 Capel, Sir Henry, vi. 301 Capuchins, Order of, founded, iv. 101 Caradoc of Lancarvan, i. 7 Caraffa, Cardinal, iv. 31, 100, 101. _See_ Paul IV. Carcassonne sacked by the Black Prince, ii. 260 Cardigan, Norman conquest of, ii. 48; royal garrisons driven from, 55 Carew, Sir Peter, iv. 82 Carham, battle at, i. 146 Carisbrook Castle, Charles I. prisoner at, vi. 59 Carlisle becomes English, i. 87; granted to see of Lindisfarne, 88; ceded to David of Scotland, 217; invested by the Scots, ii. 160; Mary Stuart at, iv. 261 Carlisle, Merks, deposed Bishop of, iii. 8 Carlisle, Charles Howard, first Earl of, vi. 280 Carlos, Don, son of Philip II. of Spain, iv. 213, 221 Carlowitz, treaty of, vii. 97 Carnot, Lazare, viii. 122 Carolina, Colony of, vi. 259; vii. 236 Caroline of Anspach, wife of George II., vii. 200, 203 Carpenter, General, vii. 183 Carr, Robert. _See_ Rochester, Somerset Carteret, John, second Lord, vii. 222, 223. _See_ Granville Carthagena, Vernon's defeat at, vii. 221 Cartwright, Thomas, iv. 294-296, 342; v. 58, 117