raises his standard at Nottingham, vi. 2; goes to Shrewsbury, _ib._; defeated at Edgehill, 3; goes to Oxford, _ib._; besieges Gloucester, 13; negotiations in Ireland, 15, 16; successes in 1644, 22; marches on London, 23; defeated at Newbury, 24; returns to Oxford, _ib._; negotiates with the Parliament, 38; storms Leicester and relieves Chester, _ib._; routed at Naseby, 40, 41; treaty with the Irish, 42; goes to the Scotch camp, 46; refuses the Parliament's terms, 48; given up to it by the Scots, 49; seized by the army, 53; negotiates with the army, 55-57; escapes, 58; recaptured, 59; negotiates with parliament and the Scots, _ib._, 63; again seized by the army, 65; trial, 67; death, 68; authorities for his reign, v. 72 Charles II. recognized by Holland as king of England, vi. 70; proclaimed in Scotland, 71; invited to Ireland, _ib._; his experiences in Scotland, 82; crowned at Scone, _ib._; invades England, 83; defeated at Worcester, 84; flies to France, _ib._; issues a declaration from Breda, 152; returns to England, _ib._; his scientific tastes, 165; character, 173-177; policy, 177-180; forms an army, 182, 183; his position in England, 184; ecclesiastical aims, 185, 186; foreign relations, 187, 192; marriage, 192; first ministry, 193; dealings with the regicides, 195; relations with Clarendon, 213-215, 221; issues a Declaration of Indulgence, 219; policy in Holland, 228, 229; refuses to dissolve Parliament, 241, 254; banishes Clarendon, 243; his new ministry, 245; attitude towards toleration, 252, 259; project for establishing Catholicism, 256; treaties with Lewis, 257, 258; issues second Declaration of Indulgence, 262; withdraws it, 273; relations with Shaftesbury, 275; makes peace with the Dutch, 281; makes another treaty with Lewis, 287; negotiations with Lewis, 291; position after peace of Nimeguen, _ib._, 293; attitude during the Popish plot. 297; plan for the succession of James, 307; struggle with Shaftesbury, 311-313, 321; recalls James, 315; resists the Exclusion, 321; dissolves the Parliament, 322; turns again to France, _ib._, 323; action in 1681, 323, 324; persecutes Nonconformists, recalls James, and arrests Monmouth, 335; his triumph, vii. 1; policy in his last years, 2; dealings with the towns, 3; increases his Guards, 4; sickness, _ib._; death, 5; authorities for his reign, vi. 157, 158 Charles IV., emperor, ii. 236, 348