refuses Protectorate of the Netherlands, 349; sends them aid, _ib._; alliance with James VI., 350; plots against her, _ib._; signs the death-warrant of Mary Stuart, 352; her victory over party disunion, 364, 365; sends an expedition to Portugal, 367; help to Henry IV., 371; league with France and the Netherlands, v. 60; her loneliness, 63; waning popularity, 64, 65; last days, 65, 66; death, 67; materials for her history, iv. 3-5 Elizabeth, Czarina of Russia, vii. 246, 306 Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV., iii. 133, 167, 168, 170, 171; marries Henry VII., 175 Elizabeth, daughter of James I., v. 210 Elizabeth Woodville. _See_ Woodville Elizabeth of France, wife of Philip II. of Spain, iv. 372 Ellandun, battle of, i. 102 Elliott, General, viii. 31, 41 Elmet conquered by Eadwine, i. 63 Elmham's _Life of Henry V._, ii. 179 Ely burnt by northmen, i. 104; Cnut at, 145; the Ætheling Ælfred blinded at, 148; surrenders to William, 170; seized by the Disinherited, ii. 88 Emma of Normandy, wife of Æthelred II., i. 141, 156 "Emperor's men," the, i. 303 Empson, Sir Richard, iii. 199 Engla-land, i. 138 England, Old, i. 9 England, character of its settlement, i. 44-48; work of the northmen in, 129; first use of the name, 138; its peace under Cnut, 146; prosperity under Eadward and Harold, 153; effects of foreign rule on, 176-178, 278; fusion of Normans and English in, 200, 281; invaded by Robert of Normandy, 200, 201; civil war in, 219, 220; anarchy in, 220, 221; revival of national feeling in, 280, 281; Norman immigration to, 302; effects of loss of Normandy on, 325, 326; under Interdict, 330, 331; Friars arrive in, ii. 11; Provençals and Poitevins in, under Henry III. 32, 33; early finance, 103; relations with the Papacy, 26-28, 218, 219, 221-223, 225, 273-275, 303; social changes after the Black Death, 254, 255; social strife in, 266-268, 289, 316, 317; sufferings under Edward III., 290, 291; constitutional, its beginnings, 100; its freedom established, iii. 85; moral and intellectual decay during Wars of the Roses, 97, 98, 115; social condition in fifteenth century, 104-107; agricultural changes in, 107, 108; evictions and enclosures in, 109, 110; definition of its foreign policy, 128; intellectual progress under Edward IV., 153, 154; the New Learning in, 191-196, 201; relations with the Papacy under Henry VIII., 288, 289, 299, 300, 302; rejects Papal jurisdiction, 305; foreign Protestants in, iv. 51, 58, 59, 305; condition under Somerset, 54, 55; religious disorder in, 61; condition under Northumberland, 66; religious changes in, under Mary, 75; submits to Rome, 88, 89; effects of the Reformation on, 121, 122;