attitude in Mary's later years, 134, 138, 139; condition at her death, 146, 147; religious chaos under Elizabeth, 162-165; becomes Protestant, 166, 167, 247, 248; its importance to the Papacy, 253, 254; parties in, 263; social condition under Elizabeth, 274-277, 283-287; religious condition, 289-291, 302-305; volunteers from, in the Netherlands, 324; unites against the Armada, 358; effect on, of the fight with Spain, 364; its maritime warfare with Spain, 370, 371; intellectual developement under Elizabeth, v. 1-11; condition at her death, 75, 76; growth of wealth and social advance, 77; rise of the squires, 78; growth of national spirit in, _ib._, 79; growth of the religious spirit in, 81; foreign rule of the Stuarts in, 148, 149; James I.'s proposal for its union with Scotland, 154; change in its attitude towards the crown, 171, 172, 183, 184; condition under Charles I., 280-282, 315, 316; declared a Commonwealth, vi. 68, 69; scheme of union with Holland, 81; with Scotland, 85; with Ireland, 86; war with Holland, _ib._, 88; condition under Cromwell and the major-generals, 106-108; progress of the Puritan ideal in, 125-128; scientific movement in, 131-133; Latitudinarians in, 133-137; modern, its beginnings, 160-161; intellectual progress after the Restoration, 163-171; union with Scotland and Ireland dissolved, 180; Restoration settlement of, 196-198; quarrel with the Dutch, 223, 224; war with Holland, 225-226, 238, 239, 261; attitude towards Lewis XIV., 228; its diplomacy under Charles II., 247, 248; declares war against Lewis XIV., vii. 49; alliance with Holland, 102, 104, 105; Union with Scotland, 127, 128; its European position after the Revolution, 147, 148; its European policy, 149-151; its intellectual influence, 151-153; character of political controversy in, 161; strength and weakness of public opinion in, 162-164; social condition under the Georges, 170, 171; alliance with France and Holland, 187; condition under Walpole, 195-198; alliance with France and Prussia, 199; quarrel with Spain for trade in America, 216, 217; declares war, 218; intercourse with India, 232; relations with America, 240, 241, 243, 244; treaty with Frederick II., 247, 248; war with France, 248, 249, 264; becomes a world-power, 274-277; annexations in the Pacific, 278, 279; its empire, 279; relations with America after the Seven Years' War, 280-283; results of the Revolution in, 286, 287; intellectual advance in the eighteenth century, 292, 293; war with Spain, 306; conquests in the West Indies, 307; its gains by the treaty of Paris, _ib._; English and American theories of its relation to America, 321-325; growing influence of public opinion in, viii. 1, 2, 10, 11;