Anselm, St., i. 193-196; Archbishop of Canterbury, 196; struggle with William Rufus, _ib._, 197; recalled, 199; crowns Matilda, 200; supports Henry I., 201 Antonio, Don, claimant of Portugal, iv. 367 Antwerp, its trade with England, iv. 257; refugees from, 305, 324; sacked, 310; surrenders to Parma, 349 Appeal, Court of, i. 256 Appeals to the Pope, ii. 222; protest of Edward III. against, 274; forbidden, iii. 302; from Scotland, Edward I.'s claim to, ii. 140 Appellant, the Lords, ii. 353, 354, 371 Aquitaine, Henry Fitz-Empress's relations with, i. 226, 233; revolts against Richard I., 263; secured by Eleanor for John, 268; submits to Philip Augustus, 270; Edward III. does homage for, ii. 209; granted him in full sovereignty, 266; change in its attitude towards the English king, 280; relations with Spain, 282; rejects the hearth-tax, 285; its barons appeal to France, _ib._; regained by France, 287, 288; granted by Richard II. to John of Gaunt, 369. _See_ Guienne Archangel, discovery of, iv. 283 Archers, the English, ii. 241, 242; iii. 31 Architecture under Edward I., ii. 105, 106; domestic, its developement under Elizabeth, iv. 285-287 Arcola, battle of, viii. 123 Arcot seized by Clive, vii. 235 Argyle, Archibald Campbell, fourth Earl of, iv. 114 Argyle, Archibald Campbell, fifth Earl of, iv. 223, 230, 245, 260 Argyle, Archibald Campbell, eighth Earl and first Marquis of (_see_ Lorne), v. 341; his relations with Charles I., 363, 364; defeated at Inverlochy, vi. 38; restored to power, 63; proclaims Charles II. king, 71; death, 181; vii. 8 Argyle, Archibald Campbell, ninth Earl of, vii. 8, 9 Argyle, John Campbell, second Duke of, vii. 146, 183 Aristotle, Edmund Rich lectures on, i. 288, 293 Arkwright, Richard, viii. 60 Arles, kingdom of, i. 262 Arlington, Henry Bennet, Earl of (_see_ Bennet), Secretary of State, vi. 245; policy in Triple Alliance, 248, 250; Charles's confidant in the Treaty of Dover, 258; dismissed, 281 Arlotta, mother of William the Conqueror, i. 157 Armada, the Spanish, its gathering, iv. 344; sails, 356; off the Lizard, 357; its force, 360; reaches Calais, 361; its flight, 362; ruin, 363; its results, 364, 365; the second, v. 60 Armagnac, Bernard, Count of, iii. 16, 17 Arminians, the, v. 114, 266 Arms, Assize of, i. 257