France, war of William the Conqueror with, i. 190; invaded by Otto of Germany, 338; regency offered to Simon of Montfort, ii. 40; relations with Scotland, 141, 170, 171, 197, 213; treaty with Edward I., 170; claim of Edward III. to the throne, 208; Edward III. declares war with, 213; greatness at opening of Hundred Years' War, 215, 216; relations with the papacy, 217, 224; condition after battle of Poitiers, 264; ravaged by Edward III., 265; Edward III. renounces his claims on, 266; renewal of war with, 285; invaded by John of Gaunt, 287; relations with Scotland and Flanders, 349; truces with Richard II., 354, 368; relations with Henry IV., iii. 6; with the Percies, 12, 14; with Owen Glyndwr, 15, 18; civil war in, 16; relations with the Council of Henry IV., 23, 24; truce with, 26; Henry V.'s claims on, 28, 29; treaty with him, 35, 36; political position at close of Hundred Years' War, 119; relations with Maximilian and England, 170, 171; growth of its power, 205, 206; attacked by English, Germans, and Spaniards, 247; Mary Tudor's war with, iv. 108; relations with Scotland under Mary of Guise, 169-173; growth of the Huguenots in, 174, 206-208; Huguenot rising in, 209; massacre of Protestants in, 299; parties in, on death of Henry III., 369; re-united under Henry IV., 373; league with England and the Netherlands, v. 60; alliance with Holland, 316; growth of its power, vi. 113, 114; treaty with Cromwell, 117; its growing prosperity, 187-189; alliance with England and Holland, vii. 187; alliance with England and Prussia, 199; position after Treaty of Utrecht, 212; union with Spain, 213, 214; supports her against England, 219; alliance with Prussia, 221; claims on America and India, 232; war with England, 248, 249, 264, 265; withdraws from India and America, 307; policy in American war, viii. 28; league with America and Spain, 30; Pitt's treaty of commerce with, 79; condition in the eighteenth century, 81, 82; volunteers from, in Washington's army, 83; revolution in, _ib._, 86, 95, 96, 101; attitude towards England, 97-100; attacked by the Coalition, 101; royalty abolished in, _ib._; attacks Holland, 102; declares war on England, 103; reverses in 1793, 107; successes, 109, 110; Directory in, 113; dealings with Ireland, 121, 123-125; attacks Austria and Italy, 122; conquers Switzerland, 134, 135; takes Rome, 136; relations with Russia, _ib._, 137; conquers Italy, 139; forced to evacuate it, 140; Consulate in, 142; position after the Peace of Lunéville, 144, 145; driven from Egypt, 165, 166; invaded by the Allies, 202; the Bourbons return to, 203; Napoleon's last struggle in, 206; literature of, its influence on Chaucer, ii. 359, 360