Franchise, restriction of, iii. 99-102 Francis of Assisi, St., ii. 9, 12, 13 Francis II., Emperor, viii. 96 Francis I., king of France, iii. 232; campaign in Italy, 233; treaties with Maximilian and Charles, 234; with Henry VIII., 235; meeting with Henry, 241; struggle with Henry and Charles, 247; defeats in Italy, 248, 250; prisoner, 250; treaties with Henry, 266, 270; released, 267; intrigues with Lutherans and Papacy, iv. 22; attacks Charles, 24; negotiations with Scotland, _ib._; treaty with Charles, 32; with Henry, 33; sends explorers to America, 330 Francis (II.), of France, marries Mary Stuart, iv. 53, 169; king, 174; treaties with Elizabeth and the Scots, 176; death, 188 Franciscans (Grey Friars) in England, ii. 11 Frankfort, English Protestants at, iv. 118, 119; their "troubles," 127, 128 Franklin, Benjamin, his plan for the defence of the American colonies, vii. 243; sent as their agent to England, 326; counsels submission to the Stamp Acts, 330; relations with Chatham, viii. 20; mission to France, 28 Frank-pledge, i. 238, 322 Frederick II., Emperor, i. 293; ii. 7, 27 Frederick III., Emperor, iii. 146, 147 Frederick, Elector Palatine, marries Elizabeth of England, v. 210; king of Bohemia, 217; driven out, 220, 226 Frederick II., king of Prussia, vii. 220; alliance with France, 221; victory at Chotusitz, 223; Silesia ceded to, _ib._; seizes Prague, 225; driven from Bohemia, _ib._; victory at Hohenfriedburg, 227; treaty with England, 247, 248; seizes Dresden, 248; victory at Prague, _ib._; defeated at Kolin, _ib._; victories at Rossbach, Leuthen and Zorndorf, 263; defeated at Hochkirch and Kunersdorf, _ib._; at Plauen, 264; campaign of 1760, 302; share in partition of Poland, viii. 85; death, _ib._ Frederick, Prince of Wales, vii. 218 Free Companies, the, ii. 281, 282 Freeholders succeed the villeins, ii. 333 Freeman, the English, i. 11, 12; sinks into the villein, 133, 321 Fréteval, Henry II. and Thomas reconciled at, i. 240; Richard I. surprises Philip's treasure at, 263 Friars, the, ii. 10-14; Lord Bacon's comment on, 21; their political influence, 22, 23; character and effect of their preaching, 24; attempt conversion of Jews, 127; oppose Wyclif, 335 Friedland, battle of, viii. 175 Frisians in Ælfred's fleet, i. 116 "Frith" of Wedmore, i. 107 Frobisher, Martin, iv. 331, 361 Froissart, Jean, ii. 178 Fuentes d'Onore, battle of, viii. 191 Fyrd, the, i. 116, 161, 257; ii. 103, 122, 240 Gage, General, viii. 19 Gaimar, Geoffrey, i. 174, 247 Gainsborough, Swein dies at, i. 143 Gall, St., i. 68