[55] The widow of Atsumori who was killed in the fight here referred to, in 1184, is credited with the invention of the folding-fan, although dates are somewhat confusing. At the temple of Mieido in Kyoto, whither she had retired to hide her grief under the garb of a nun, she cured the abbot of a fever by fanning him with a paper folding-fan over which she muttered incantations: and to this day the priests of the temple are considered special adepts in the manufacture of fans; hence the name Mieido is adopted by many fan shops all over the islands. (Basil Chamberlain, _Things Japanese_.) [56] The fan was used as crest by many Japanese families. A number of examples are given in Mrs. Salwey’s _Fans of Japan_. [57] Henri L. Joly, _Legend in Japanese Art_. [58] Mrs. Salwey, _Fans of Japan_. [59] Ode from the _Manyoshin_, translated by Basil Chamberlain. [60] _Transactions of the Japan Society_, vol. v. Paper by Mrs. Salwey on Pastimes and Amusements of the Japanese. [61] In the Musée Guimet, Paris, is a tea-service, fine in execution, signed ‘Kawamoto Hansouke,’ an artist of the province of Owari, the saucers being shaped like fans. In the same collection is a large plate, fourteen inches in its longest dimension, shaped like a folding-fan. [62] Francis Parkman, _La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West_. [63] Miss Kingsley refers to their use at Egaja, ‘for the purpose of battling with the evening cloud of sand-flies.’ [64] In the liturgy of St. Chrysostom, after the Benedictus—‘Supra sancta ventilet reverenter flabello. Si desit flabellum, velo idem praestat.’ (_Divina Missa S. Joan. Chrysostomi, Goar. Rituale Graecorum._ p. 76.) [65] Smith, _Dictionary of Christian Antiquities_. [66] ‘A.D. 1214, Ornamenta Ecclesie Sarum, inventa in Thesauraria. ij. flabella de serico et pergameno.’ [67] Dugdale, _History of St. Paul’s_. [68] ‘Manubrium flabelli argentum deauratum, ex dono Joh. Newton, thesaurarii, cum ymagine Episcopi in fine enamelyd, pond. v. unc.’ [69] _Registrum Roff._ p. 554. [70] _Journal of the Archæological Association_, vol. xxvi. [71] _Archæological Journal_, vol. v. [72] _Pauli Paciandi de Umbellae Gestatione Commentarius_, Romae, 1752, p. lxiii. [73] ‘But yet I have them in great reverence And honour, saving them from filth and ordure By often brusshyng and moche dylygence.’ [74] _Memorials of London and London Life in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Centuries_, by Henry Thomas Riley. [75] _Revue de l’Art Chrétien_, 1883. Les Disques crucifères, le Flabellum, et l’umbella. [76] Harl. MSS. 3601, the date 1295-6, edited by J. W. Clark. [77] Un esmouchior de drap d’or, a fleur-de-lys, escartelé des armes de France et de Navarre a un baston d’yvoire et de geste, prisé v Francs d’or.—Du Cange. [78] Viollet-le-Duc. [79] Blondel. [80] Henry F. Holt, _Journal of the Archæological Association_, vol. xxvi. (1870).