_Proofs of the same from organic Facts.--Successive Creations and Extinctions of living Forms, and their contemporaneous Distribution._ _Evidences of a slowly declining Temperature, and, therefore, of a long Time.--The Process of Events by Catastrophe and by Law.--Analogy of Individual and Race Development.--Both are determined by unchangeable Law._ _Conclusion that the Plan of the Universe indicates a Multiplicity of Worlds in infinite Space, and a Succession of Worlds in infinite Time._ CHAPTER X. THE EUROPEAN AGE OF REASON--(_Continued_). THE NATURE AND RELATIONS OF MAN. _Position of Man according to the Heliocentric and Geocentric Theories._ OF ANIMAL LIFE.--_The transitory Nature of living Forms.--Relations of Plants and Animals.--Animals are Aggregates of Matter expending Force originally derived from the Sun._ THE ORGANIC SERIES.--_Man a Member of it.--His Position determined by Anatomical and Physiological Investigation of his Nervous System.--Its triple Form: Automatic, Instinctive, Intellectual._ _The same progressive Development is seen in individual Man, in the entire animal Series, and in the Life of the Globe.--They are all under the Control of an eternal, universal, irresistible Law._ _The Aim of Nature is intellectual Development, and human Institutions must conform thereto._ _Summary of the Investigation of the Position of Man.--Production of Inorganic and Organic Forms by the Sun.--Nature of Animals and their Series.--Analogies and Differences between them and Man.--The Soul.--The World._ CHAPTER XI. THE EUROPEAN AGE OF REASON--(_Continued_). THE UNION OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY. _European Progress in the Acquisition of exact Knowledge.--Its Resemblance to that of Greece._ _Discoveries respecting the Air.--Its mechanical and chemical Properties.--Its Relation to Animals and Plants.--The Winds. --Meteorology.--Sounds.--Acoustic Phenomena._ _Discoveries respecting the Ocean.--Physical and chemical Phenomena.--Tides and Currents.--Clouds.--Decomposition of Water._ _Discoveries respecting other material Substances.--Progress of Chemistry._ _Discoveries respecting Electricity, Magnetism, Light, Heat._ _Mechanical Philosophy and Inventions.--Physical Instruments.--The Result illustrated by the Cotton Manufacture.--Steam-engine. --Bleaching.--Canals.--Railways.--Improvements in the Construction of Machinery.--Social Changes produced.--Its Effect on intellectual Activity._ _The scientific Contributions of various Nations, and especially of Italy._ CHAPTER XII. CONCLUSION--THE FUTURE OF EUROPE. _Summary of the Argument presented in this Book respecting the mental Progress of Europe._ _Intellectual Development is the Object of Individual Life.--It is also the Result of social Progress._ _Nations arriving at Maturity instinctively attempt their own intellectual Organization.--Example of the Manner in which this has been done in China.--Its Imperfection.--What it has accomplished._