The country itself is well prepared for the reception of a larger number of Jewish immigrants――Absence of organized or political Antisemitism――Increase in general immigration in 1880 and 1881――Arrival of the “Am Olam”――Imposing protest meetings against the riots in Russia――Welcome and assistance――Emma Lazarus――Heilprin and the attempts to found agricultural colonies――Herman Rosenthal――Failures in many States――Some success in Connecticut and more in New Jersey――Woodbine―― Distribution――Industrial workers and the new radicalism. CHAPTER XXX. COMMUNAL AND RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES AMONG THE NEW COMERS. Congregational and social activities among the new comers―― Ephemeral organizations――The striving after professional education――Synagogues as the most stable of the new establishments――“Landsleut” congregations――The first efforts to consolidate the Orthodox community of New York――The Federation of Synagogues――Chief Rabbi Jacob Joseph――Other “chief rabbis” in Chicago and Boston――Prominent Orthodox rabbis in many cities――Dr. Philip Klein――The short period in which the cantor was the most important functionary in the Orthodox synagogue―― Synagogues change hands, but are rarely abandoned. CHAPTER XXXI. NEW COMMUNAL AND INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITIES. The Jewish Alliance of 1891 as the first attempt to form a general organization in which the immigrants of the latest period should be officially recognized――Some of the prominent participators――The new Exodus of 1891――The Baron de Hirsch Fund――Various activities――Decrease in the numbers and proportion of the helpless and the needy――The American Jewish Historical Society――The Jewish Publication Society of America―― The Jewish Chautauqua――Participation in the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893――The Council of Jewish Women. CHAPTER XXXII. THE LABOR MOVEMENT AND NEW LITERARY ACTIVITIES. Difficulty of securing data for the history of the Labor Movement among Jewish immigrants――John R. Commons’ characterization of a Jewish labor union――A constantly changing army of followers under the same leaders――The movement under the control of the radical press――The leaders as journalists and literary men―― They popularize the press and teach the rudiments of politics―― The voter――The “Heften”――Neo-Hebrew periodicals――The Yiddish stylists――The plight of the Hebraists. CHAPTER XXXIII. RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA. THE PASSPORT QUESTION.