Synagogues and other Jewish Institutions――General improvement and moderation――The Jewish Encyclopedia――Its editors and contributors――The Roumanian situation and the American Government’s interest in it since 1867――Benjamin F. Peixotto, United States Consul-General in Bucharest――Diplomatic correspondence between Kasson and Evarts――New negotiations with Roumania in 1902――The Roumanian Note to the signatories of the Berlin Treaty――The question still in abeyance. CHAPTER XXXVII. HELP FOR THE VICTIMS OF THE RUSSIAN MASSACRES IN 1903 AND 1905. OTHER PROOFS OF SYMPATHY. The Kishinev massacre――Official solicitude and general sympathy―― Protest meetings and collections――The “Kishinev Petition” and its fate――Less publicity given to the later pogroms, whose victims were helped by “landsleut” from this country――The influence of pogroms on immigration――The frightful massacres in Russia in the fall of 1905, and the assistance rendered by this country――A Resolution of sympathy adopted in Congress――The 250th Anniversary of the Settlement of the Jews in the United States――Relief for Moroccan Jews proposed by the United States――Oscar S. Straus in the Cabinet. CHAPTER XXXVIII. THE AMERICAN-JEWISH COMMITTEE. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND FEDERATIONS. Formation of the American Jewish Committee――Its first fifteen members and its membership in 1911――The experimental Kehillah organizations――The re-organized Jewish Theological Seminary―― Faculty of the Hebrew Union College――The Dropsie College of Hebrew and Cognate Learning――The Rabbi Joseph Jacob School―― Other Orthodox “Yeshibot”――Talmud Torahs and “Chedarim”――Hebrew Institutes――They become more Jewish because other agencies now do the work of Americanizing the immigrant――Technical Schools―― Young Men’s and Young Women’s Hebrew Associations――Federations of various kinds. CHAPTER XXXIX. THE JEWS IN THE DOMINION OF CANADA. The legend about the Jewish origin of Chevalier de Levis――Aaron Hart, the English Commissary, and Abraham Gradis, the French banker――Early settlers in Montreal――Its first Congregation―― Troubles of Ezekiel Hart, the first Jew to be elected to the Legislature――Final Emancipation in 1832――Jews fight on the Loyalist side against ♦Papineau’s rebellion――Prominent Jews in various fields of activity――Congregation “Shaar ha-Shomaim”―― Toronto――First synagogue in Victoria, B. C., in 1862――Hamilton and Winnipeg――Other communities――Agricultural Colonies――Jewish Newspapers. CHAPTER XL. JEWS IN SOUTH AMERICA, MEXICO AND CUBA.