The first “minyan” in Buenos Ayres, Argentine, in 1861――Estimate of the Jewish population in Argentine――Occupations and economic condition of the various groups――Kosher meat and temporary synagogues as indications of the religious conditions―― Communities in twenty-six other cities――The Agricultural Colonies――Brazil――The rumor that General Floriano Peixotto, the second president of the new Republic, was of Jewish origin――Communities in several cities――The Colony Philippson―― Jews in Montevido, Uruguay――Other South American Republics―― Isidor Borowski, who fought under Bolivar――Panama――Moroccan Jews are liked by Peru Indians――About ten thousand Jews in Mexico――Slowly increasing number in Cuba, where Jews help to spread the American influence. CHAPTER XLI. MEN OF EMINENCE IN THE ARTS, SCIENCES AND THE PROFESSIONS. Jews who attained eminence in the world of art and of science―― Moses J. Ezekiel――Ephraim Keyser――Isidor Konti――Victor D. Brenner――Butensky and Davidson――Painters: Henry Mosler, Constant Mayer, H. N. Hyneman and George D. M. Peixotto――Max Rosenthal and his son, Albert――Max Weyl, Toby E. Rosenthal, Louis Loeb and Katherine M. Cohen――Some cartoonists and caricaturists――Musicians, composers and musical directors――The Damrosch family, Gabrilowitsch, Hoffman and Ellman――Operatic and theatrical managers and impressarios――Playwrights and actors――Scientists: A. A. Michelson, Morris Bloomfield, Jacob H. Hollander, Charles Waldstein and his family――Charles Gross―― Edwin R. A. Seligman, Adolph Cohn, Jaques Loeb, Simon Flexner and Abraham Jacobi――Fabian Franklin――Engineers: Sutro, Gottlieb and Jacobs――Some eminent physicians and lawyers――Merchants and financiers. CHAPTER XLII. LITERATURE: HEBREW AND ENGLISH. PERIODICALS. Curiosities of early American Jewish literature which belong to the domain of bibliography――Rabbinical works: Responses, commentaries and Homiletics――Hebrew works of a modern character――Ehrlich’s Mikra Ki-Peshuto and Eisenstein’s Ozar Israel――Neo-Hebrew Poets and literati――Jewish writers in the vernacular――“Ghetto Stories”――Writers on non-Jewish subjects―― Scientific works――Writers on Jewish subjects and contributors to the “Jewish Encyclopedia”――A. S. Freidus――Non-Jewish writers about Jews――Daly――Frederic, Davitt and Hapgood――Journalists, editors and publishers――The Ochs brothers; the Rosewaters―― Pulitzer and de Young of Jewish descent――The Jewish denominational press in English――The “Sanatorium.” CHAPTER XLIII. YIDDISH LITERATURE, DRAMA AND THE PRESS.