=Augustus II.=, king of Poland (1697-1704), I 167 ratifies Jewish privileges, I 168 expels Jews from Sandomir, I 173 =Augustus III.=, king of Poland (1733-1763), I 167 ratifies Jewish privileges, I 168, 180 appealed to by Jews of Posen, I 175 acquits Jews of ritual murder charge, I 176 grants safe conduct to Frankists, I 215 acts as God-father to Frank, I 218 Austria, Jews flee from, to Poland, I 66 Polish Jews export goods to, I 67 Polish Jews pass, on way to Palestine, I 209 shares in partitioning of Polish territory, I 186, 262, 274, 371 Frank stays in, I 220 Berek Yoselevich arrested in, I 297 wages war against duchy of Warsaw, I 303 forbids Jews to communicate with Paris, I 346 f represented at Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, I 398 f Jews of, forbidden to settle in Russia (1824), I 409 grants emancipation to Jews, II 30 imposes military duty on Jews, II 30 Jewish policy of, serves as model for Russia, II 46, 49 Israel of Ruzhin escapes to, II 121 Parliament of, meets in Kremsier, II 177 Jewish socialists expelled from, II 224 Russian-Jewish students in, II 351 Government of, supports plans of Baron Hirsch, II 416 anti-Semitism rampant in, III 42 =Autocracy=, upheld by Alexander III., II 246; by Nicholas II., III 8 re-establishment of, favored by Black Hundred, III 149 =Autoemancipation=, doctrine of, propounded by Leo Pinsker, II 330 ff contrasted with emancipation, II 331 =Autonomism=, national-cultural, doctrine of, propounded by Dubnow, III 41, 51 ff adopted as political platform, III 144 =Autonomy=, Jewish, in ancient Tauris, I 16 granted, or confirmed, by kings of Poland, I 52, 53, 62, 72 f, 83 f, 98, 104, 105 rise and development of, I 103 ff, 188 ff _magna charta_ of (1551), I 105 ff curtailment of, advocated by Poles, I 273, 280 f, 282 Jews of Poland plead for preservation of, I 291 recognized by Russian Government (1776), I 308 ff curtailed by it (1795), I 319 f recognized in modified form in Statute of 1804, I 344 larger amount of, demanded by Jews, I 349 abolition of, recommended by Council of State (1840), II 49 abolished by Nicholas I. (1844), II 59 ff scheme of, proposed for kingdom of Poland, II 92 abolished in Poland (1822), II 102 abolition of last remnants of, recommended by Committee of Russian Government, II 195 St. Petersburg Jews, plead for, II 370 demanded by adherents of national-cultural Autonomism, III 53 f; by "Bund," III 57; by Vilna community, III 109; by League for Equal Rights, III 112; by Russian Jewry in general, III 161; see also Kahal =Azariah=, alleged biblical prophet, quoted to substantiate ritual murder libel, II 73