=Candia=, Delmedigo, author, born in, I 134 =Campe=, German author, work of, translated into Hebrew, II 134 =Canada=, Jewish emigration from Russia to, II 421 immigration of Dukhobortzy, Russian sect, to, III 10 =Candidate=, learned degree in Russia, term explained, II 165 =Candle Tax=, see Tax =Canterbury, Archbishop of=, sends representative to London protest meeting against pogroms, II 289 joins pogrom relief committee, II 291 =Cantonists=, or juvenile recruits, name explained, II 19 institution by Nicholas I., II 19 sent to outlying Russian provinces, II 24 f hunters, or "captors," of, II 23 martyrdom of, II 24 ff forced conversion of, II 26, 45 institution of, not extended to Poland, II 109 abolished by Alexander II., II 156; see Conscription, Military Service, Recruits, and Soldiers =Capistrano=, papal legate, "Scourge of the Jews," I 62 =Capitals=, the Russian (St. Petersburg and Moscow), Jewish first and second guild merchants permitted to visit (1835), II 40 Jewish physicians, though admitted into Interior, excluded from (1865), III 167 admission of Jews to schools of, restricted to 3%, II 350 admission of Jews to universities of, restricted to 2%, III 29 =Capiton=, Christian martyr, I 17 =Carlowitz=, Treaty of (1699), returns Podolia to Poland, I 208 =Carmelites=, Church of, in Posen, holds demonstration against Jews, I 95 monk, member of, accuses Jews of ritual murder, I 100 bring law suit against Jews of Posen, I 174 =Caro, Joseph=, author of _Beth-Yoseph_, I 123 author of Shulhan-Arukh, see Shulhan-Arukh =Carpathian Mountains, The=, Besht retires to, I 223 =Casimir the Great= (1333-1370), king of Poland, rejuvenates country, I 50 f ratifies and amplifies Jewish charter of Boleslav, I 51 f annexes Red Russia, I 42, 53 grants autonomy to Jews of Lemberg, I 53 infatuated with Jewess, I 53 f charter of, ratified by Vitovt, I 59 referred to as patron of Jews, II 98 =Casimir IV.=, king of Poland (1447-1492), pursues liberal policy towards Jews, I 61 f grants Jews new charter, I 61 f attacked by archbishop of Cracow, I 62 forced to rescind Jewish privileges, I 63 fines magistracy of Cracow for permitting riots against Jews, I 64 charter of, ratified by Sigismund II., I 83 =Casimir the Just=, Polish ruler, Jews active as ministers during reign of, I 42 =Caspian Sea, The=, called Sea of Jorjan, I 23 Khazars settled on shores of, I 19, 26; dislodged from, I 28 =Castellan=, title of Polish official, explained, I 287 =Catherine I.=, empress of Russia, changes and deports Jewish tax-farmer (1727), I 249