=Catherine II.=, The Great (1762-1796), empress of Russia, fictitious ukase of, permitting pogroms, I 183 refuses to admit Jews into Russia, I 259 f; and into Little Russia, I 260 f attitude of, towards Jews of annexed Polish provinces, I 306 ff appealed to by the Jews of White Russia, I 311 f attitude of, towards Jews, changes for worse, I 314 ff lays foundation of Pale of Settlement, I 314 ff favors removal of Jews from villages, I 319, 366 curtails Jewish autonomy, I 319, 366 endeavors to destroy "Jewish separateness," I 367 admits Jews to South Russia, I 316 substitutes term "Yevrey" for "Zhyd," I 320 =Caucasus, The=, ancient trade route leading through, I 23 Khazars originate from, I 19 Khazars occupy cities in, I 26 Jewish agriculturists permitted to settle in (1804), I 342; but not in villages of, I 343 "Judaizers" deported to, I 403 ritual murder trial in, II 204 =Censorship=, over Hebrew books, exercised by Council of Four Lands, I 195 f Government C. advocated by Polish reformers, I 723, 281 disregard of, severely punished, II 123 enforcement of, advocated by I. B. Levinsohn, II 130 hasidic books subjected to, II 212 Russian C., hampers Maskilim in Vilna, II 136 interferes with Jewish press, I 219 f suppresses _ha-Emet_, II 223; _Voskhod_, 407, III 98; _Novosti_, II 407 rages throughout Russia, II 371 suppresses news of pogroms, II 302, 358; and of Moscow expulsion, II 407 prevents Russian press from expressing sympathy with Jews, II 387 forbids Russian press to publish collective statements concerning Jews, II 387 confiscates pamphlet defending Jews, II 388 grants full scope to anti-Semitic press, III 31; see also Printing =Census=, of the Jewish population, in Poland (1764), I 197 in White Russia (1772), I 307 in Russia (1816-1819), I 390 Jews of Vilna released from municipal C. (1682), I 166; see Statistics =Central Committee=, see Committee =Champagny=, French Cabinet Minister, conducts negotiations with Polish Government, I 299 =Charles IX.=, French king, succeeded by Henry, Polish king, I 89 =Charles XII.=, Swedish king, invades Poland, I 154 ff, 169 =Charnetzki=, Polish general, massacres Jews, I 155 f