=Charter=, granted to Jews by Leshek, prince of Poland (905), I 40 issued by Boleslav of Kalish (1264), I 45 ff included in Polish code of law (1505), I 71 ratified and amplified by Casimir the Great, I 51 f; burned, I 61 issued by Vitovt, grand duke of Lithuania (1388), I 59 f granted by Casimir IV. (1447), I 61 f granted to Jews of Lithuania by Sigismund I. (1540), I 81 ratified by Sigismund II. (1548), I 83 f old Ch's. ratified by Stephen Batory, I 89; by Vishniovetzki, I 160; by Augustus II., I 168; by Augustus III., I 168, 180 Ch. of Jewish autonomy issued by Sigismund II. (1551), I 105 ff Ch. demanding admission of Jews into Russia sent by Sigismund II. to Ivan the Terrible (1550), I 243 granted to Jews of Cracow by John Casimir (1661), I 159 "Golden Ch." by Catherine the Great, permitting pogroms, I 183 Theodor Herzl seeks to obtain Ch. from Sultan, III 84 offered by British Government for colonization of Uganda, III 84; see also Statute =Chartoriski (or Chartoryski), Adam=, member of Committee for Amelioration of Jews, I 335 chairman of Committee to consider Jewish question in Poland, II 89, 91 opposes liberal project of Novosiltzev, II 93 =Chatzki, Thaddeus=, Polish historian, makes special study of Jewish problem, I 263 ff proposes Jewish reforms, I 271, 288 suggestions of, adopted by others, I 327, 385 =Chatzkin=, Russian-Jewish journalist, II 207 =Chazars=, see Khazars =Chekhovich, Martin=, Polish theologian, holds disputations with Jews, I 136 f =Chenstokhov= (_Polish_, Czenstochowa), province of Piotrkov, Jacob Frank imprisoned in, I 218 f occupied by Russian troops, I 219 pogrom at, III 36 f =Cherkaski=, Count, burgomaster of Moscow, favors limitation of Jews in municipal government, II 199 =Cherkassy= (government of Kiev), hasidic center, II 120 =Chernigov= (city), Jews of, exterminated, I 149 pogrom at, III 128 ritual murder at Gorodnya, in neighborhood of, I 247 home of Isaac, early Russian-Jewish scholar, I 33 home of Litman Veigin, merchant, II 38