=Chernigov= (province or government), subject to Poland, I 140 closed to Jews (1649), I 151 opened again to Jews (1651), I 152 Jews of, exterminated, I 157 ceded to Russia (1667), I 159 few Jews left in, I 246 made part of Pale (1794), I 317, II 40 pogroms in localities of, II 257, 267, 315, 411, III 129 court of, sentences rioters, II 315 Jews expelled from villages of, II 341 governor of, misapplies laws relating to Jews, II 341 governor of, permits Jews to open stores on Christian holidays, II 411 localities in: Gorodnya, I 247 Karpovich, II 315 Konotop, II 257 Nyezhin, II 267, III 129 Semyonovka, III 129 Starodub, II 411 =Chernikhovsky, Saul=, Hebrew poet, III 64 =Chernobyl= (government of Kiev), hasidic center, I 232, 382 "dynasty" of, widely ramified, I 382, II 119 ff =Chernovitz= (Bukowina), Sadagora, in neighborhood of, hasidic center, II 121 =Chernyshev=, Count, governor-general of White Russia, assures Jews of former liberties, I 306 f sets apart Jews as an estate, I 309 =Chernyshevski=, radical Russian author, influences Jewish _Intelligenzia_, II 207, 209 effect of, on Lilienblum, 237 =Chersonesus=, near Sevastopol, bishops of, force Jews into baptism, I 17 scene of rivalry between Jews and Byzantines, I 30 =Chetvertinski=, Count, betrays Jews of Tulchyn, I 147 f =Chiarini, Abbé=, Polish anti-Semitic writer, II 104 =Chigirin= (province of Kiev), home of Khmelnitzki, I 144 =Chikhachev=, Russian Navy Minister, favors emigration of Jews from Russia, II 419 =Chikhachev=, member of Council of State, favors Jewish franchise, III 12 =Chlenov=, Zionist leader, III 47 =Chmelnicki=, see Khmelnitzki =Chresta=, name of Greco-Jewish woman, I 15 =Christianity=, propaganda of, in Tauris, I 17 f; among Khazars, I 20 fusion of Judaism and Ch. attempted by Jewish sect in Russia, II 335; see Church and Conversion =Chudnov= (Volhynia), young Jews of, martyred, III 117 =Chufut-Kale= (Crimea), harbors old Karaite community, I 35 =Church=, the Greek-Orthodox, persecutes Jews in Byzantine empire, I 18 Pobyedonostzev reports on affairs of, III 9 =Church=, the Roman-Catholic, in Poland, spreads hatred of Jews, I 44, 47 ff gains strength under Yaguello, I 54 f opposes Casimir IV., I 62 f hostile to Jews during Reformation, I 79, 85 f agitates against Jews, I 99 ff prompts anti-Jewish legislation of Polish Diets, I 160 responsible for anti-Jewish riots, I 161 Jews forbidden to leave houses during Ch. processions, I 160