=Haskalah=, attempt to harmonize Jewish and secular culture, term explained, II 125 originated by Mendelssohn in Germany, I 238 f, II 125 opposed by Rabbinism and Hasidism, I 238 f hated by Nahman of Bratzlav, I 383 Solomon Maimon influenced by, I 239 effect of, on Jews of Warsaw, I 284, 384 ff championed by Jacques Kalmansohn, I 385 need of, for Polish Jews, emphasized by David Friedländer, II 90; and followers, I 386 advocated by Frank in White Russia, I 331, 386 carried to St. Petersburg, I 386 ff Max Lilienthal appeals to adherents of (Maskilim), II 53 preached by Isaac Baer Levinsohn, II 125 ff center of, in Odessa, II 132 f center of, in Vilna, II 134, 136 f aims of adherents of, in Vilna, II 136 f. persecuted adherents of, escape through baptism, II 132 adherents of, lean on Russian Government, II 137 Russian H. compared with German, II 137 f becomes more aggressive, II 210, 224 stimulates neo-Hebraic style and literature, II 132 ff, 210 advocated by Jewish press, II 217, 332 f championed by M. L. Lilienblum, II 236 adherents of, portrayed by Mapu, II 228 See Education, Neo-Hebraic Literature, and School =Ha-Tzefirah=, Hebrew weekly in Warsaw, advocates Haskalah, II 333 edited by Sokolow, III 60 becomes a daily, II 372, III 58, 162 =Hausfreund=, Yiddish periodical, III 59 =Hayyun=, emissary of Sabbatai Zevi, I 204 =Hazakah=, priority of possession, term explained, II 188 grant of, must be sanctioned by Kahal, I 190, II 188 matters relating to, decided by Council of Four Lands, I 111 =Ha-Zeman=, Hebrew daily in Vilna, III 162 =Hebrew=, language, importance of, emphasized by Smolenskin, II 134 f position of, in Jewish life, forms party issue, III 161 promoted by Zionism, III 45 restoration of, II 133, 135, 225 modern H. (Neo-Hebraic) literature, beginnings of, I 388 f rise of, II 132 ff renaissance of, II 224 ff, III 58 ff, 162 f cultivated by Haskalah, II 132-ff, 210, 224 H. writers hail from Lithuania, II 238 H. press, beginnings of, II 217 f preaches Haskalah, II 217 recent revival of, III 58 f See also Language