=Ispravnik=, title of Russian official, II 301, 409 =Israel=, son of Shakhna, succeeds his father as rabbi of Lublin, I 123 =Israel=, of Ruzhany, executed on ritual murder charge, I 162 f =Israel, Baal-Shem-Tob=, called Besht, founder of Hasidism, I 222 ff born in Podolia, I 222 sent to heder, I 222 neglects studies, I 222 strange conduct of, I 222 studies Practical Cabala, I 222 f settles in Brody, I 223 marries sister of rabbi, I 223 retires to solitude in Carpathian mountains, I 223 occupies humble position in Tlusta (Galicia), I 223 considered an ignoramus, I 223 begins to practise as _Baal-Shem_, I 223 reputed as miracle-worker, I 224 called "good _Baal-Shem_," or _Baal-Shem-Tob_, I 224 disparages exclusive Talmud study, I 224, 226 recognizes authority of Cabala, I 224 objects to Cabalistic asceticism, I 224, 226 inculcates cheerfulness, I 225 emphasizes faith and prayer, I 225, 226 f settles in Medzhibozh (Podolia), I 225 doctrine of, I 225 f evolves belief in _Tzaddik_, I 227 disciples of, I 227 f acknowledged by rabbi of Brody, I 228 sends epistle to Palestine, I 228 believed to associate with biblical prophets, I 228 popular discourses of, I 228 laments conversion of Frankists, I 229 takes part in Frankist disputation, I 229 sayings of, selected by disciple, I 230, 237 See also Hasidism and Hasidim =Israel=, of Kozhenitz, leader of Hasidim in duchy of Warsaw, I 384 successors of, II 122 =Israel=, of Ruzhin (government of Kiev), hasidic leader, keeps magnificent court, II 120 arouses suspicions of governor-general, I 120 f arrested, I 121 flees to Sadagora (Bukovina), I 121 dynasty of, branches out, I 221 contests supremacy of Joshua Heshel Apter, II 121 =Isserles, Moses= (_Remo_), son of Kahal elder in Cracow, I 123 pupil of Shakhna of Lublin, I 123 judge and head of yeshibah in Cracow, I 123 writes commentary on _Turim_, I 123 adds notes to _Shulhan Arukh_, I 124 makes _Shulhan Arukh_ great factor in Polish Jewry, I 130 differs from Solomon Luria, I 126 disparages mysticism, I 126 favors moderate philosophy, I 126 studies Maimonides' _Moreh_, I 126, 132 teacher of Mordecai Jaffe, I 127 method of, contrasted with that of Jaffe, I 128 method of, looked down upon by Meir of Lublin, I 129 unequalled by successors, I 199 =Istumin=, Pobyedonostzev's agent in Moscow, II 401