=Italy=, influence of, extends to Crimea, I 34 Guizolfi, Jew from Italy, owns Tanan Peninsula, I 36 Master Leon, Jew from, physician at Moscow court, I 37 Jews of, apply to Polish rabbis for religious advice, I 125 Jewish physicians in Poland originate from, I 132, or receive medical training in, I 132 Delacruta, founder of Polish Cabala, born in, I 134 work of Recanati, Italian Cabalist, studied in Poland, I 134 Calahora, native of, executed in Cracow, I 164 f Judah Ilasid studies Practical Cabala in, I 208 Polish-Jewish pilgrims to Palestine pass through, I 209 =Itche (Isaac) Meier Alter=, head of Gher Hasidim, has many adherents in Warsaw, II 122 =Ityl=, ancient name for Volga, I 19, 26 name of Khazar capital, I 19 =Itzele, Rabbi=, see Zelikin =Itzhaki, Itzhok= (=Isaac=), head of Volozhin yeshibah, member of Rabbinical Commission, II 57 =Ivan III.=, grand duke of Moscow, I 29 assisted by Crimean Jews in negotiations with Khan, I 35 corresponds with Guizolfi, Italian Jew, I 36 orders burning of "Judaizers," I 37 executes his Jewish body-physician, I 37 =Ivan IV., The Terrible=, Tzar of Moscow, I 29 refuses to admit Lithuanian Jews into Russia, I 243 orders drowning of Jews of Polotzk, I 243 =Izyaslav=, former name for government of Volhynia, I 317 =Jacob Itzhok= (=Isaac=), of Lublin, pioneer of Hasidism in Poland, I 384 =Jacob= (=Nahman=), of Belzhytz, Polish court physician, I 136 author of polemical treatise against Christianity, I 136 f =Jacob Zelig= (=Selek, or Jelek=), presents petition of Polish Jews to pope, I 179 f =Jacob Ben Asher=, author of _Turim_, work of, studied in Poland, I 118 =Jacobs, Joseph=, quoted, II 287 =Jacobsohn=, deputy to First Duma, reports on Bialystok pogrom, III 139 =Jaffa= (Palestine), Jewish agricultural settlements in neighborhood of, II 322 representative of Odessa Palestine Society in, II 422 gymnazium in, III 148 =Jaffe, Mordecai=, native of Bohemia, I 126 pupil of Isserles, I 126 rabbi of various Polish communities, I 126 presides over Council of Four Lands, I 126 author of elaborate code, entitled _Lebushim_, I 126 f method of, differs from that of Caro and Isserles, I 27; looked down upon by Meir of Lublin, 129 comments on Maimonides' Mareh, I 132 pupil of Delacruta, Cabalist, I 134 author of cabalistic commentary, I 134 unequalled by successors, I 199 =Japanese=, expel Russians from Kuantung (Shantung) Peninsula, III 94 destroy Russian fleet, III 110 Jews accused of alliance with, III 95 f =Jastrow, Marcus=, preacher in Warsaw, active in Polish Insurrection, II 179 ff rabbi in Philadelphia, II 179 =Jehiel Michael=, rabbi and head of yeshibah in Niemirov, killed in massacre (1648), I 146