=Prussia= shares in partition of Poland, I 185 f, 262, 292, 297 participates in siege of Warsaw (1794), I 293 rules over Warsaw (1796-1806), I 385 shattered by Napoleon, I 347 represented at Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, I 398 f introduces Jewish reforms in annexed Polish provinces, I 385 Jewish regulations of, serve as model for Russian statesmen, I 331, II 46, 49 Jewish socialist expelled from, II 224 See Berlin =Pshemyshl= (_Polish_, Pszemysl), see Stupnitza =Pskov=, Jews exiled from (1654), I 154 situated outside Pale, II 70 =Ptolemies=, the Jewish center under rule of, I 14 =Pulavy=, Poland, Jews of, manifest Polish patriotism, I 292 =Pushkin=, Russian poet, relation of, to Jews, II 138 =Pyetukhov=, member of political police, exposes complicity of Government in pogrom, III 140 =Quadrennial Diet=, see Diet, Quadrennial =Raaben, von=, governor of Bessarabia, refuses to stop Kishinev pogrom, III 74 f sued for damages by Jews, III 92 =Rabbanites=, in Crimea, I 28, 34 =Rabbinical Commission=, appointed by Russian Government (1842), II 56 Jews of Western Europe invited to participate in, II 67 Rabbi Mendel of Lubavich, member of, II 118 =Rabbinical Schools= (modern), opened by assimilationist Jews in Warsaw (1826), II 103 f opening of, decreased by Nicholas I. (1844), II 38 pupils of, promised alleviations in military service, II 58 graduates of, intended to supersede former type of rabbis and teachers, II 58, 176 opened in Vilna and Zhitomir (1847), II 59, 174 f graduates of, act as Government agents, II 212 graduates of, form revolutionary circle, II 223 Levanda, graduate of, II 239 closed (1873), II 177 =Rabbinism= opposes Hasidism, I 233 f, 235 ff opposes enlightenment, I 238 f firmly entrenched during reign of Alexander I., 380 uncompromising attitude of, II 111 ff =Rabbis= (and Rabbinate), officially recognized by Polish king, I 101 ff clothed with wide powers, I 73, 105 ff bear title of _Morenu_, I 117 relation of, to Kahal, I 107 f conferences of, I 108 f conference of, "tries" demons in Posen, I 203 accused of purchasing offices from pans, I 284 jurisdiction of, limited to religious affairs (1804), I 344 deprived of right of imposing _herem_ (1804), I 344 highly respected by Jews of Russia, II 112 exempted from military service, II 20 reform of, recommended by Council of State, II 49; by I. B. Levinsohn, II 128; and by other Maskilim, II 136 f fanaticism of, attacked by Mapu, II 227 f See Crown Rabbis =Rabinovich, I.=, founder of Congregation of New Testament Israelites, II 335 =Rabinovich, Osip= (=Joseph=), editor of _Razsvyet_, II 219 f author of Jewish novels (in Russian), II 238 =Rabinovitz, S.=, see Shalom Aleichem