III 124; but restored (1907), III 152 S. norm placed on Statute books (1909), III 158 many higher S's. barred to Jews, III 158 S. norm applied to private S's., III 158 f; and extended to "externs" (1911), III 159 one hundred Jewish students excluded from Kiev Polytechnicum (1907), III 152 Jews barred from Military Academy of Medicine (1910), III 156 See Education, Enlightenment, and University =Schorr, Solomon=, follower of Jacob Frank, I 217 =Schülergelauf=, see Pogroms (in Poland) =Schussberg, Gabriel=, describes Cossack massacres of 1648, I 158 =Schwartz=, informer against Jews, II 48 =Schwartz=, Russian Minister of Public Instruction, opposed to Jews, III 157 f =Scythians=, the, tribe, I 14 =Sejm=, see Saym =Selek=, see Jacob Zelig =Seleucids=, dynasty of, I 14 =Self-Defence=, organized by Jews, in riot at Lemberg (1664), I 161 f in Posen (1687), I 166 in massacre at Uman (1768), I 184 f averts pogrom at Berdychev (1881), I 256 f intensifies pogrom at Konotop (Chernigov, 1881), II 257 checked by police in Odessa (1881), II 258; and punished in court, II 264 active in pogrom at Warsaw (1881), II 281 forbidden by authorities (during Balta pogrom, 1882), II 300 organized after Kishinev massacre, III 80 forbidden by Plehve, III 80, 90 active in pogrom at Homel (1903), III 87 ff; attacked by police, III 88; arraigned in court, III 102 Jews of Odessa organize (1904), III 96 pogroms checked by, at Melitopol and Simferopol (government of Tavrida, 1905), III 115 displays heroism during pogrom at Zhitomir (1905), III 116 ff movement for, intensified during revolution of 1905, III 119 attacked by soldiers during pogrom at Kerch (1905), III 120 police and soldiers ordered to drive off, III 129 displays heroism in Odessa pogrom (October, 1905), III 129; court-martialed, III 150 =Self-Government, Jewish=, see Autonomy local and rural, see Zemstvos urban, see Municipalities =Selim II.=, Sultan of Turkey, attended by Jewish body-physician, I 132 =Semender= (Tarku), city in Caucasus, I 26 =Semipalatinsk= (territory), in Central Asia, uncivilized tribes of, placed on level with Jews, II 367 =Semiryechensk= (territory), in Central Asia, semi-civilized tribes of, placed on level with Jews, II 367 =Semyonovka= (government of Chernigov), pogrom at, III 129 =Senate=, the, in Poland, forms upper Chamber, I 167 censures King Sobieski for favoring Jews, I 167 re-established by Napoleon in duchy of Warsaw, I 298 refuses petition of Jews for equal rights, I 301 f