=Senate=, the, in Russia, recommends death penalty for conversion to Judaism (1738), I 253 decrees expulsion of Jews from Little Russia (1739), I 254 recommends admission of Jews to Little Russia and Livonia (1743), I 257 favors admission of Jews into Russian empire (1763), I 259 sanctions Kahals in White Russia (1778), I 309; but suddenly questions their legality (1782), I 310; and restricts them to spiritual affairs and collection of taxes (1786), I 313 restricts Jews of White Russia in liquor trade (1786), I 312 refuses permission to White Russian Jews to settle in Riga, thus laying foundation for Pale (1786), I 313 f reaffirms Catherine's ukase ordering transfer of village Jews to towns (1797), I 323 f Friesel, governor of Vilna, forwards suggestions of Jewish reforms to, I 326 f declares Jews not subject to serfdom, I 328 Dyerzhavin's memorandum on Jews laid before (1800), I 334 loses executive power with creation of Council of State (1801), I 335 case against Shneor Zalman transferred to, I 378 Jewish communal affairs transferred from, to Minister of Ecclesiastic Affairs (1817), I 392 prohibits keeping of Christian domestics (1820), I 404 puts harsh interpretation on decree of Nicholas I. expelling Jews from Fifty-Verst Zone (1843), II 62 f takes over ritual murder case of Velizh (1830), II 81 sends ukase to governors warning against pogroms (1882), II 313 sets aside misconstruction of Temporary Rules (1884), II 341 sustains law of 1874 denying universal right of residence to discharged Jewish soldiers (1885), II 355 passes upon complaints against misapplication of Temporary Rules, III 17; and reverses decisions of lower courts, III 18 sustains expulsion of consumptive Jewish student from health resort, III 19 sustains practice of confining Jews of Siberia to their places of registration (1897), III 22 orders second trial of Blondes, III 37 sustains sentence against Dashevski, assailant of Krushevan, II 82 dismisses complaint of victims of Kishinev massacres, III 92 receives ukase from Nicholas II. permitting submission of suggestions to Government (1905), III 110 declares Zionism illegal (1907), III 152 prohibits Jewish soldiers from residing in Port Arthur, III 157 "=Senior=," the, title for elder in Poland, I 72 f, 94 title for chief rabbi in Poland, I 105 =Separatism=, of Jews, ascribed by Russian Government to their inferior "moral status," II 158 combated by Russian Government, II 190 ff commented upon unfavorably by Ignatyev, II 273; by Gubernatorial Commissions, II 275; and by Pahlen Commission, II 365