=Shekel=, societies of Sh. prayers organized by Zionists, III 45 =Shidlovitz= (_Polish_, Szydlowiec), near Radom, Poland, home of Judah Hasid, I 208 =Shishkov=, Minister of Public Instruction, advocates abolition of institution of Jewish deputies, I 395 I. B. Levinsohn applies for subsidy to, II 129 =Shklov=, rabbis assembled at, condemn Shneor Zalman, I 238 Dyerzhavin sent to, in response to complaints of Jews, I 328 =Shklover, Borukh=, see Borukh Shklover =Shklover, Nota=, of St. Petersburg (family name Notkin), I 338 purveyor to Potemkin's army, I 330 proposes establishment of Jewish colonies near Black Sea, I 331 participates in work of Jewish Government Commission, I 338 =Shlakhovski, Baruch=, killed in pogrom, II 303 =Shlakhta= (_Polish_, Szlachta: Polish nobility), term explained, I 58 forms separate estate, I 44 growing influence of, I 58 favors Jews on account of financial advantages, I 69 controls diets, I 77 attitude of, towards Jews, I 77 granted jurisdiction over Jews of its estates, I 84 elects kings, I 89 usurps power, I 91 ff resorts to services of Jews, I 93 represented among sect of Socinians, I 91 acts contemptuously towards serfs in Ukraina, I 141 f surrenders cities to Swedes, I 155 diets, controlled by clergy and S., impose restrictions on, I 160 oppresses Jewish arendars, I 170 tries to turn Jews into serfs, I 170 forces kings to impose restrictions on Jews, I 181 f exterminated in Ukraina, I 183 ff Kahals warn Jews against acting as stewards of, I 188 controls Quadrennial Diet, I 278 bars Jews from buying crown lands, I 296 Jews forbidden to acquire estates of (1808), I 300 proposes anti-Jewish restrictions to Russian Government, I 322 ff, 324 ff hypocrisy of, exposed by Polish writer, II 98 =Shleshkovski=, Polish physician, attacks Jewish physicians in Poland in anti-Semitic pamphlet, I 96 =Shlieferman=, Jewish soldier in Saratov, accused of ritual murder, II 151 sentenced to penal servitude, II 152 =Shmakov=, anti-Semitic lawyer, defends Krushevan, III 82 appears in Beilis case, III 82 acts as counsel for Kishinev rioters, III 91 f =Shmerling=, of Moghilev, dies while attending Jewish Conference in St. Petersburg, I 304