=Turkey=, takes over colony in Kaffa, I 34 Jewish center in, I 66 Polish Jews export goods to, I 68 Jews of Lithuania suspected of preparing to flee to, I 51 raided by Cossacks, I 143 Jewish prisoners of war carried by Tatars to, I 145, 157, 205 lays claim to Ukraina, I 159 Sabbatai Zevi carries on propaganda in, I 205, 210 influence of, on Polish Jewry, I 207 f annexes part of Podolia (1672), I 208; returns it to Poland (1699), I 208 Jacob Frank travels about in, I 212; sent back from Poland to, I 213; returns to Poland from, I 216 engages in war with Russia (1739), I 253 f establishment of Jewish State in, suggested by Russian revolutionary, I 412 Moses Montefiore pays visit to, II 68 _Bilu_ pioneers enter into negotiations with, II 322 hampers Palestinian colonization, II 375, 422, III 42 Dr. Herzl enters into negotiations with, III 45 f Russian Government promises to exert influence over, in favor of Zionism, II 83 =Twenty-One-Verst Zone=, see Border Zone =Tver= (Central Russia), pogrom against intellectuals at, III 128 =Typography=, see Printing-Press =Tzaddik= ("=The Righteous Man="), title of hasidic leader, rival of rabbi, I 235 revered by Jewish masses, I 274; II 112 controls rabbinate in Russian South-west, I 371 gains foothold in Lithuania, I 372 type of, in Poland, resembles that of _Habad_, II 123 miraculous stories about, circulate among Hasidim, II 124 firmly entrenched, II 116 ff forbidden by Russian Government to travel about, II 212 See Tzaddikism and Hasidism =Tzaddikism= (cult of _Tzaddik_), as conceived by Besht, I 227 developed by Baer of Mezherich, I 230 practical consequences of, I 231 f extreme formulation of, I 232 f viewed with apprehension by Elijah of Vilna, I 374 triumphant in South-west, I 381 vulgar form of, rejected by Shneor Zalman, I 382 degeneration of, I 382 f extermination of, advocated by Kalmansohn, I 385 criticised by Pestel, Russian revolutionary, I 411 attacked by Maskilim, II 210; see Tzaddik and Hasidism =Tzarmis=, Slav tribe, subject to Khazars, I 26 =Uganda= (British East Africa), offered as Jewish settlement to Zionists, III 84 f =Ukase=, term explained, I 249; spelling of word, I 6