=Apostates=, list of: Abraham Senior, the family of Abulafia, Moses Adamantius, Alexander, Alfonso Burgensis, Ananel di Foligno, Anton, Charles Asher of Udine, Astruc Raimuch, Astruc Sibili, Baptista, John Bonafoux, Daniel Israel Börne, Ludwig Chananya, nephew of Joshua, Chayon, Nehemiah, son of Cohen, Nehemiah Diego de Valencia, Donin (Nicholas), Drusilla, Du Vallié, Paul Eliano, Victor Ferrus, Pero Frank, Jacob Friedländer, David, the family of Gans, Edward Gershom ben Jehuda, son of Gerson, Christian Guidon, Heine, Heinrich Herz, Henrietta Isaac of Mayence, Isaac Ibn-Ezra, John of Valladolid, Joseph, Joseph de Vesoul, Joshua ben Joseph Ibn-Vives, Juan de España, Kahtz, Christian Karben, Victor von Levi ben Shem Tob, Levi, Wolf Levin, Rachel Machault, Denys Margalita, Aaron Margaritha, Anton Mendelssohn, Dorothea Mendelssohn, Henrietta Moro, Joseph Nathaniel (Hibat-Allah), Neander, Augustus Nunes, Henrique Pablo Christiani, Paul, apostle, Pedro de la Caballeria, Pessach-Peter, Pfefferkorn, Joseph Riccio, Paul Sabbataï Zevi, Samuel Ibn-Abbas, Samuel Abrabanel (Juan de Seville), Schwarz, Peter Sixtus Senensis, Solomon Levi of Burgos (Paul de Santa Maria), Tiberius Julius Alexander, Uriah of Mayence, Vayol, Hans Wenzel, Francis Wolfkan of Ratisbon. =Apostles, the twelve=, trusted disciples of Jesus, =2=, 158. sent out by the early Christians, =2=, 220. =Apostole=, mission tax, collected by the Patriarchs, =2=, 487. =Apostoli=, messengers of the Synhedrion, =2=, 535. =Appian=, historian, persecuted by Jewish rebels, =2=, 396. =Apries= (Hophra), of Egypt, at war with Nebuchadnezzar, =1=, 312. defeated, =1=, 313. ally of Judah, =1=, 318. receives Judæans kindly, =1=, 324. dethroned, =1=, 327. =Apulia=, the Jews of, liable to curial duties, =2=, 616. invaded by the Mahometans, =3=, 212. Jews from, form a congregation in Constantinople, =4=, 402. =Aquet=, suspected of well poisoning, =4=, 104. =Aquila.= _See_ Akylas. =Aquinas, Thomas=, works of, translated, =4=, 69. studied by Solomon Levi, =4=, 183. =Aquitania=, rabbis from, at the first rabbinical synod, =3=, 377. gathering place of crusaders, =3=, 570. =Arabarch.= _See_ Alabarch, the. =Arabia=, trade with, under Uzziah, =1=, 230. (Auranitis) Paul flees to, =2=, 226. Jewish fugitives flee to, =2=, 317, 319, 419. Jews settle in, =2=, 629; =3=, 54-5. Babylonian Jews emigrate to, =3=, 4. position of Jews in, in the sixth century, =3=, 53. _See also_ Auranitis.