532. Justinian I decrees that _the testimony of Jews shall be valid only in Jewish cases_. 538. _The Council of Orleans forbids Jews to appear on the street at Eastertide._ =550=(about). =Final redaction of the Babylonian Talmud.= XVI. FROM THE COMPLETION OF THE TALMUD TO THE END OF THE GAONATE. (550-1038 C. E.) Samuel ben Adiya (500-560), Jewish poet in Arabia. 553. Justinian I decrees that the Scriptural portions in the Synagogue liturgy be read in translation, and orders the omission of alleged anti-Trinitarian sentences from the liturgy. 581. Hormisdas IV, king of Persia, persecutes his Jewish subjects; the teachers of the Law flee from the Babylonian academies. Chilperic, Merovingian king, forces baptism on the Jews. 589. Reccared, Visigothic king, imposes irksome restraints upon the Jews, and _completely isolates them from Christians_. Bahram Tshubin, usurper of the Persian throne, friendly to the Jews; Pumbeditha re-opened by Chanan of Iskia. 590. Pope Gregory I discountenances the forced conversion of Jews. 612. Sisebut, Visigothic king, forces the Jews to accept baptism or to emigrate. 614. The Jews of Palestine join the Persians in a war against Emperor Heraclius. 624. The Benu-Kainukaa, a Jewish-Arabic tribe, driven from Arabia by Mahomet. 625. The Benu-Nadhir, a Jewish-Arabic tribe, driven from Arabia by Mahomet. 627. Extermination of the Benu-Kuraiza, a Jewish-Arabic tribe. Emperor Heraclius _forbids Jews to enter Jerusalem_, and in other ways harasses the Palestinian Jews. 629. Dagobert orders the Jews of the Frankish empire to accept baptism or to emigrate. 633. The Council of Toledo under Sisenand, Visigothic king, and Isidore of Seville, forces backsliding converts back into Christianity. 638. Chintila enacts that only professing Catholics shall remain in Visigothic Spain; Jews emigrate. 640. Omar, the second Caliph, _banishes all Jews from holy Arabia_. The “_Covenant of Omar_” imposes restrictions upon Jews in the whole Mahometan, world. 642(about). BOSTANAÏ, Exilarch, acknowledged by Omar.