History of the Ordinance of 1787 and the Old Northwest Territory: A Supplemental Text for School Use — John Shaqi
History of the Ordinance of 1787 and the Old Northwest Territory: A Supplemental Text for School Use
History
History of the Ordinance of 1787 and the Old Northwest Territory: A Supplemental Text for School Use
Northwest, Old -- History; Northwest, Old -- History -- Bibliography; United States. Ordinance of 1787; United States. Ordinance of 1787 -- Bibliography
Cutler contracted to purchase for the Ohio Company a million and a half
acres at one dollar per acre, less one third of a dollar for bad lands
and the expenses of surveying. Because the public securities with which
payment was to be made were worth only twelve cents on the dollar, the
actual purchase price was eight or nine cents per acre. The tract was
bounded on the east by the Seven Ranges, which had been surveyed and
offered for sale under the Land Ordinance of 1785, on the south by the
Ohio River, and on the western side by the seventeenth Range; it extended
far enough north to include in addition to the purchase one section of
640 acres in each township for the support of religion, one section for
the support of schools, two entire townships for a university, and three
sections for the future disposition of Congress. An interesting phase of
this provision of the contract with the government was that the Ordinance
of 1787 itself made no specific provision for public school lands, lands
for support of religion, or for university purposes. The Land Ordinance
of 1785 had provided for the setting aside of one section in each
township for public schools, but for neither religion nor universities.
But, so earnest of purpose were the men who had written into the
Ordinance of 1787 “Religion, morality and knowledge, being necessary to
good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of
education shall be forever encouraged,” that in their bargaining with the
land commissioners, insistence was made upon these specific reservations.
And so, perhaps outside the formal tenets of law, was furthered a public
land policy which has done much to make our public school and university
educational system an integral and distinctive feature of this government.
Five hundred thousand dollars was to be paid when the contract was signed
and the same amount when the United States completed the survey of the
boundary lines of the tract. The contract was signed on October 27,
1787, by Cutler and Sargent for the Ohio Company, and by Samuel Osgood
and Arthur Lee for the Treasury Board, as commissioners of public lands.
Because the company could not pay the second installment when it was
due, the tract was reduced in size from a million and a half acres to
1,064,285 acres when the patent was issued on May 20, 1792. By giving
100,000 acres for donation lands to actual settlers, Congress reduced the
final purchase to 964,285 acres.
In conformity with the Articles of Association the shareholders received
equal divisions of the purchase. Instead of the 1000 shares originally
expected, 822 were subscribed. When the final apportionment was made,
each share received a total of 1,173.37 acres in seven allotments of
eight acres, three acres, a house lot of .37 acres, 160 acres, 100 acres,
a 640 acre section, and 262 acres.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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