bail, but they did not succeed in obtaining it. The voting resulted in a resolution in favor of the marriage and of the union with England; it only remained for parliament to confirm it. [Sidenote: RESULTS OF BEATOUN’S ARREST.] The Scottish lords who had returned from England, above all the earl of Angus and his brother, had learnt during their sojourn in London not to spare the cardinals and other Romish dignitaries. The stormy presumption of the cardinal in the council had been the occasion of the measure adopted against him; but these lords perfectly understood that unless the cardinal were kept in confinement there could be no religious nor even civil liberty in the land. ‘It is not possible,’ says Calvin, ‘to deprive an able and powerful tyrant of his supremacy except by first taking away his arms and bringing against him a force superior to his own. He will never quit his post of his own accord.’[278] Sir George Douglas, brother of Angus, went to Berwick where Lord Lisle was stationed, and pointed out to him that in sending the cardinal to prison they had given him certain proof of their activity. Lisle immediately reported it to the Duke of Suffolk, brother-in-law of Henry VIII.[279] All the friends of the Gospel, and even the Scottish political party, looked on that measure as a great deliverance. Beatoun, however, was not surrendered to Henry VIII., as he had required him to be. It is hardly possible to imagine the effect produced in Scotland by this bold deed. The bishops and the priests as soon as they heard of the extraordinary proceeding were beside themselves. All the clergy, struck with horror, at once adopted the same course as they would have done if Scotland were laid under an interdict by the pope. The churches were closed, religious services were suspended, and the priests refused to discharge any of their functions. One might have conjectured that some appalling crime had been committed, and that the whole nation was excommunicated. A funereal veil hung over Scotland. The Romish clergy accused those who had laid hands on the cardinal not only of injustice but of sacrilege. The people, submissive in some places to the bidding of their priests, and even many lords, cried out with the others. Argyle left Edinburgh, retired to his estates, and assembled his clan. Lord Lisle wrote to London, February 1, ‘Since the cardinal was seized, no one in Scotland can get a priest to sing masse, to christen or bury.’[280] [Sidenote: PARLIAMENT AT EDINBURGH.]