Parliaments, not united, 76; separate flags, 77, 183; Irish, 184; Union Jack tells union of Scottish, 118; of Irish, 186; precedence of Union acknowledged, 218; Colonial, 194, 261. Patron Saints, England, 41; Scotland, 64; Ireland, 141. Pennants, command flags, 51; Henry VIII., 59; Royal navy, 108; Colonial navy, 284. Paardeberg, Canadian at, 296. Pennsylvania ensign, 176. Percy Ensign, 39. Peruvians' emblem, 17. Philip II. salutes Union Jack, 60. Pilgrim Fathers migrate to Holland, 155; land in America, 157; loyal subjects King James, 157; flags carried, 158. Pilot Jack, flag, 267. Pine tree flag, 162, 166. Poland, white eagle, 15. President United States, position, 255. Prussian, black eagle, 16. Puritans, flag carried by, 158; object to crosses, 160, 162. Q Quarters, flags, 12; Union Jack, 217. Quebec, defended under fleur-de-lis, 25, 166; Wolfe and Montcalm, 133; under Union Jack, 29, 136, 192. Quebec Act, effect of, 135, 192. Queen Anne creates Union Jack, 118; authority of Parliament, 119; designers, 120; authorized by Privy Council, 121; Draft C, 121; promulgated in colonies, 121; restricted to navy, 124; border St. George enlarged, 127; establishes Red Ensign, 122; to be used on land and sea, 126, 268. Queen Victoria uses Irish harp, 146; Diamond Jubilee, 290. Queenston Heights, 237. R Raleigh, sea maxim, 103, 116. Red Ensign, see Ensign. Red fighting flag of navy, 113. Regulations for making Union Jack, 208. Responsible government contrasted, 254, 257, 261. _Revenge_, glorious contest, 61. Richard I. adopts St. George, 44; star and crescent badge, 48. Rivalries create Jack of James, 70, 74, 80. Roman eagle, 15; labarum, 143. Royal arms standard, 72; removed from ships, 96; fleur-de-lis, 71, 282; harp inserted, 72; origin Irish blue, 146, see Arms. Royal Standard, flag of sovereign, 71, 92, 202; present regulations, 99. Royal Standard at main, 98, 99. Royal Standard at stern, 37, 92, 99; replaced by ensigns, 98; meanings of change, 101. Royal yacht squadron flag, 52. Russian eagle, 16; flags, 43, 70. S Saints, reverenced, not canonized, 42. Shackleton, Union Jack, 213. St. Andrew, banner and legend, 64; why adopted by Scotland, 65; Russia, 70. St. Andrew Cross, white of Scotland, 38; blue of Russia, 70; united in James Jack, 77; objections to position, 78; in great union, 93; in Union Jack, 119; same size St. George, 205, 224; same size St. Patrick, 206; counterchanged with, 217; why higher position, 218; same size border St. George, 210, 225; examples narrow form, 225. St. Denis, red banner, 25.