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History of the Water Supply of the World: arranged in a comprehensive form from eminent authorities, containing a description of the various methods of water supply, pollution and purification of waters, and sanitary effects, with analyses of potable waters, also geology and water strata of Hamilton county, Ohio, statistics of the Ohio river, proposed water supply of Cincinnati. — John Shaqi

History

History of the Water Supply of the World: arranged in a comprehensive form from eminent authorities, containing a description of the various methods of water supply, pollution and purification of waters, and sanitary effects, with analyses of potable waters, also geology and water strata of Hamilton county, Ohio, statistics of the Ohio river, proposed water supply of Cincinnati.

Name: History of the Water Supply of the World: arranged in a comprehensive form from eminent authorities, containing a description of the various methods of water supply, pollution and purification of waters, and sanitary effects, with analyses of potable waters, also geology and water strata of Hamilton county, Ohio, statistics of the Ohio river, proposed water supply of Cincinnati.
Author: Bell, Thomas J. (Thomas Jefferson)

Bell, Thomas J. (Thomas Jefferson)

Water-supply -- History; Water-supply -- Ohio -- Hamilton County

PER CENT OF SEWAGE DESTROYED.
  1. Period of 24 hours                6.8
  2. Period of 24 hours                8.9
  3. Period of 48 hours               14.3
  4. Period of 24 hours                5.4
  5. Period of 24 hours                5.8
  6. Period of 24 hours                2.1
                                      ----
              Total                   43.3

Dissolved oxygen contained in the enclosed water was determined by
boiling off the dissolved gases.


REDUCTION OF URINE BY AERATION

Urine, in proportion of one gallon (imperial) to 3,077 gallons of
water, exposed to the air and briskly agitated:

                  PARTS IN 100,000 PARTS.
      DATE.           ORGANIC CARBON.      ORGANIC NITROGEN.

  Feb. 17, 1874,           .282                  .243
   “   18,   “             .298                  .251
   “   19,   “             .244                  .255
   “   24,   “             .225                  .253
   “   25,   “             .214                  .259
   “   28,   “             .214                  .276

Results show that fresh urine with a large volume of water is, under
atmospheric influences, more permanent and indestructible than sewage.

The agents of destruction of sewage are:

  Infusorial animals.
  Aquatic plants.
  Fish.
  Chemical Oxidation.
  Dilution.
  Deposition.

Sir Benjamin Brodie, in his evidence before a former River Pollution
Commission, stated: “That it was simply impossible that the oxidizing
power acting on sewage running in mixture with water over a distance
of any length is sufficient to remove its noxious quality; that
the oxygen in the water and on its surface does not exercise any
rapidly oxidizing power on organic matter.” He believed “that an
infinitesimally small quantity of decayed matter is able to produce
an injurious effect upon health; that if a large proportion of
organic matter were removed by oxidation, the quantity left might be
sufficient to be injurious to health. To destroy organic matter the
most powerful oxidizing agents are required. We must boil it with
nitric acid and chloric acid and the most perfect chemical agents. To
think to get rid of organic matter by exposure to the air for a short
time is absurd.”

Prof. Frankland, one of the Rivers Pollution Commission of 1874,
says:

  “That I should rely upon dilution quite as much and more than upon
  the destruction of injurious matter; that the flow of a river has
  a most natural influence in the removal of subsidence of a large
  proportion of the suspended impurities both organic and mineral,
  _especially if the flow be sluggish in places_.”

Prof. Brodie stated:

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