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History of the Water Supply of the World: arranged in a comprehensive form from eminent authorities, containing a description of the various methods of water supply, pollution and purification of waters, and sanitary effects, with analyses of potable waters, also geology and water strata of Hamilton county, Ohio, statistics of the Ohio river, proposed water supply of Cincinnati.Bell, Thomas J. (Thomas Jefferson)

History

History of the Water Supply of the World: arranged in a comprehensive form from eminent authorities, containing a description of the various methods of water supply, pollution and purification of waters, and sanitary effects, with analyses of potable waters, also geology and water strata of Hamilton county, Ohio, statistics of the Ohio river, proposed water supply of Cincinnati.

Name: History of the Water Supply of the World: arranged in a comprehensive form from eminent authorities, containing a description of the various methods of water supply, pollution and purification of waters, and sanitary effects, with analyses of potable waters, also geology and water strata of Hamilton county, Ohio, statistics of the Ohio river, proposed water supply of Cincinnati.
Author: Bell, Thomas J. (Thomas Jefferson)

Bell, Thomas J. (Thomas Jefferson)

Water-supply -- History; Water-supply -- Ohio -- Hamilton County

“A similar water-shed, Madison Brook, gave 50 per cent. Experiments
  by Wm. McAlpine, for Albany water-works, shows that from a
  water-shed of 2,600 acres, 41½ per cent. of the rain-fall was
  carried off by the streams from May till October, inclusive, while
  from November till April, 77.6 per cent. was so carried off.”

In England the allowance for absorption and evaporation ranges from
nine to nineteen inches per annum. In this country it is from 75 to
100 per cent. greater.

We produce from “Fanning’s Water Supply” the following table of
experiments on evaporation from surfaces of shallow tanks:

  Cambridge--Length of trial, one year; evaporation in inches,     56.00
  Salem               “           “           “        “           56.00
  Syracuse            “           “           “        “           50.20
  Ogdensburgh         “           “           “        “           49.37
  Dorset, England     “      three years      “        “           25.92
  Oxford     “        “      five    “        “        “           31.04
  Bombay              “      five    “        “        “           82.28
  Croton            average, six,    “   mean evap. equal 81     } 39.21
                                         per cent. of rain-fall. }
  Lea Bridge, London  “      seven   “   average rain-fall         27.7
                                         annual evap. min.         12.067
                                           “      “   max.         25.141

The following from the same author of the minimum flow of streams in
cubic feet per second, per each square mile of water-shed:

  From     1 square mile  .083
  From    10 square miles .1
  From    25 square miles .11
  From    50 square miles .14
  From   100 square miles .18
  From   250 square miles .25
  From   500 square miles .40
  From 1,000 square miles .35
  From 1,500 square miles .38
  From 2,000 square miles .41

From the different surfaces, its ratio of the annual rain, including
floods and flow of springs, is approximately as follows:

                                             PER CENT.
  From mountain slopes or steep rocky hills, 80 to 90
  From wooded swamp lands,                   60 to 80
  From undulating pasture and woodland,      50 to 70
  From flat cultivated land and prairie,     45 to 60


MONTHLY EVAPORATION FROM RESERVOIR.

(_From Fanning._)

  ------------------+----+----+----+----+----+-----+
                    |JAN.|FEB.|MAR.|APR.|MAY.|JUNE.|
  ------------------+----+----+----+----+----+-----+
  Mean ratio--inches|.30 |.35 |.50 |.80 |1.45|1.70 |
  ==================+====+====+====+====+====+=====+

    ------------------+-----+----+-----+----+----+----
                      |JULY.|AUG.|SEPT.|OCT.|NOV.|DEC.
    ------------------+-----+----+-----+----+----+----
    Mean ratio--inches|1.85 |2.00|1.45 |.75 |.50 |.35
    ==================+=====+====+=====+====+====+====


AVERAGE AVAILABLE RAIN-FALL FOR STORAGE PURPOSES.

(_From Fanning._)

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