1832 Polluted 5,275 31.4 1849 Very much polluted 14,137 61.8 1854 Less polluted 10,738 42.9 1866 Much less polluted 5,596 18.4 Between the years 1849 and 1854, the water supply was much improved by removal of intakes to purer sources. The area of intense cholera of 1866 was confined within the limits of the foul or unfiltered water supply by the East London Company; and, when notified and stopped the rate of deaths immediately decreased. It was almost exactly the area of this particular water supply, nearly if not absolutely filling it, and scarcely at all reaching beyond it. MANCHESTER AND SALFORD. YEAR. CHARACTER OF WATER. NUMBER OF DEATHS. 1832 Used polluted water 890 1849 Used polluted water 1,115 1854 Used pure water 50 1866 Used pure water 88 In 1851 the new supply of unpolluted upland-surface water was introduced in place of shallow wells. GLASGOW. YEAR. CHARACTER OF WATER. NUMBER DEATHS. RATE PER 10,000. 1832 Polluted water 2,842 140 1849 Polluted water 3,772 106 1854 Polluted water 3,886 119 1866 Pure water 68 1.6 In 1859 the present source, Loch Katrine, was first used for water supply. PAISLEY AND CHARLESTON. YEAR. CHARACTER OF WATER. NUMBER OF DEATHS. 1849 Polluted water 182 1854 Polluted water 173 1866 Pure water 7 The testimony of Dr. Daniel Richmond, the medical officer of Paisley, before the Rivers Pollution Commission of 1874, in reference to the cholera epidemics, is of sufficient interest to be embodied _verbatim_: “1. Have you any complaint to make of the water supply? No. The water that we have in Paisley is of a very superior character, and there is an unlimited supply to the whole of the inhabitants. The supply is constant, and I regard that as one of the greatest blessings the people ever received. “2. Is there any water used which is obtained from wells? None. During the last epidemic of cholera the wells were ordered to be entirely shut up. “3. When did the last epidemic of cholera occur? Four years ago. But I should say it was not epidemic in Paisley then. It was threatened in 1866. “4. Had you any cases of cholera then? No. There was a danger felt about it, but I had no fear of it; and I expressed that opinion before the Sanitary Committee, that we should have no attack of cholera, and that the city of Glasgow would not have it. “5. On what did you found that opinion? Upon the unlimited supply of pure water that we had, and on the supply of pure water that Glasgow had obtained from Loch Katrine. “6. Was your prediction fulfilled in both cases? Yes. “7. When had you cholera last in Paisley? Was it in 1854? In 1854.