The conflict between Turkey and Egypt――Mahmud II., _Sultan_ of Turkey――Mehemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt――The victory of Nezib――The Turkish Fleet――Wellington’s policy――The Eastern Question ――Wellington’s opinion――The London Conference, 1840――The Insurrection in Syria and the Lebanon――An Ultimatum――The capture of Acre by the British Fleet, 1840――Schemes of annexation. CHAPTER XX. THE SYRIAN PROBLEM The conflicting interests of the Powers――Was the conflict irreconcilable?――Public opinion――A new principle――The independence of Syria――A neutral position――The Zionist idea as the only solution――A practical proposition. CHAPTER XXI. ENGLAND AND THE JEWS IN THE EAST Damascus and Rhodes, 1840――The anti-Jewish accusations――Jewish opinion in England and France――Two views――The persecutions and the Zionist idea――The difficulties of a Jewish initiative――Sir W. R. W. Wilde. CHAPTER XXII. SIR MOSES MONTEFIORE The project “for Cultivation of the Land in Palestine” ――Abraham Shoshana and Samuel Aboo――Sir Moses and Lord Palmerston――Great Britain’s protection of the Jews in the East ――Lord Aberdeen――Sir Stratford Canning――Dr. Edward Robinson ――Burghas _Bey_――A new journey to the East. CHAPTER XXIII. EARL OF SHAFTESBURY Diaries of 1830‒40――The first English Vice-Consul for _Jerusalem_――Lord Lindsay’s travels in Egypt and the Holy Land ――A guarantee of five Powers――Lord Shaftesbury’s conception of a spiritual centre for the Jewish nation. CHAPTER XXIV. MEMORANDUM OF THE PROTESTANT MONARCHS The London Convention of 1840――The new Treaty of London for the pacification of the Levant――Viscount Ponsonby――Reschid _Pasha_――Lord Shaftesbury’s “Exposé” addressed to Lord Palmerston――The articles in _The Times_――A Memorandum to the European Monarchs――“Enquiries about the Jews”――The _Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums_. CHAPTER XXV. RESTORATION AND PROTECTION A new Memorandum――The “Balance of Power”――Palestine and “Rights” in other countries――A “Memorial of the Church of Scotland”――Protection for the Jews in the East. CHAPTER XXVI. PROTECTION AND RESTORATION The _Don_ Pacifico case――Admiral Sir William Parker――Lord Stanley――Mr. J. A. Roebuck――Lord Palmerston’s policy attacked ――Peel and the Opposition――Plans for colonization of Palestine ――Mordecai Manuel Noah――Warder Cresson――Rev. A. G. H. Hollingsworth――Colonel George Gawler――“The Final Exodus”――Dr. Thomas Clarke. CHAPTER XXVII. EARL OF BEACONSFIELD Christianity and Judaism――Disraeli’s character――Jewish features――_Alroy_――_Tancred_――The defence of Jewish rights ――Oriental policy. CHAPTER XXVIII. THE CRIMEAN WAR