Russia and Turkey――A protectorate over the Greek Christians ――The question of the “Holy Places”――The Greek Church ――_Sultan_ Mahmud II. and the _Tsar_ Nicholas I.――Jurisdiction in Turkey――_Prince_ Menschikoff――The Alliance between France, Great Britain and Turkey――Sardinia――Alexander II.――The fall of Sebastopol――The conclusion of peace in Paris――The question of reforms――The Jewish point of view――The Crimean War and Palestine――Dr. Benisch in the _Jewish Chronicle_――The Christian Zionist propaganda――Rev. W. H. Johnstone――Mr. Robert Young. CHAPTER XXIX. BRITAIN’S MISSION IN THE EAST Colonel Charles Henry Churchill――Sir Austen Henry Layard――“The Key to the East”――European Consuls in Palestine――The _Hatti Sheerif_ of Gulharch――Lord Palmerston’s Circular of April, 1841――Mr. James Finn. CHAPTER XXX. BRITISH INTEREST AND WORK IN PALESTINE Mr. Rogers――Mr. Finzi――Agricultural work in Palestine under the auspices of the British Consul――W. Holman Hunt――Thomas Seddon――A new Appeal――Prof. D. Brown――Rev. John Fry――Rev. Capel Molyneux――Prof. C. A. Auberlen――Dr. W. Urwick――Dr. E. Henderson――Prof. Joseph A. Alexander――Dr. Patrick Fairbairn ――Dr. Thomas Arnold. CHAPTER XXXI. _THE LEBANON_ QUESTION Selim I.――The _Emir_ Beshir of _The Lebanon_――A Conference of five Powers――Druses and Maronites――Massacres in Damascus――A Military Expedition――The Protocol of August 3rd, 1860 ――_General_ Beaufort _d_’Hautpoul――Achmet _Pasha_――David _Pasha_――Joseph Karan――The Constitution of _The Lebanon_――The boundaries――The alterations from 1861 to 1902――The Earl of Carnarvon’s views――Jewish charity――Anti-Jewish accusations and riots――M. E. A. Thouvenal――Lord John Russell――George Gawler’s letter. CHAPTER XXXII. ZIONISM IN FRANCE Joseph Salvador――L. Lévy-Bing――Maurice [Moses] Hess――D. Nathan ――Benoît Levy――Dr. A.-F. Pétavel――Ernest Laharanne――Crémieux ――The “Alliance Israélite Universelle”――Albert Cohn――Charles Netter. CHAPTER XXXIII. JEWISH COLONIZATION New developments――Two tendencies――Societies in London for supporting Jewish colonization of Palestine――_Rabbi_ Chayyim Zebi Sneersohn――Sir Moses ♦Montefiore’s further journey to Palestine. ♦ “Montifiore’s” replaced with “Montefiore’s” CHAPTER XXXIV. ZIONISM _VERSUS_ ASSIMILATION The first difficulties――The traditions of Anglo-Jewry――The influence of the English people on the Jews――Assimilation and the Jewish National idea――The Zionist conception of the Jewish problem――The tragedy of a minority. CHAPTER XXXV. COLONIZATION AND RESTORATION Henry Wentworth Monk――Zionism in France――Jean Henri Dunant’s “Le Renouvellement de l’Orient”――Napoleon III.――Bishop Stephen Watson――“L’Orient” in Brussels. CHAPTER XXXVI. APPEALS FOR COLONIZATION