Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive — John Shaqi
Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and DiscursiveYule, Henry, Sir
History
Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive
Yule, Henry, Sir
English language -- Foreign words and phrases -- Indic -- Dictionaries; English language -- India -- Dictionaries; English language -- India -- Etymology -- Dictionaries; India -- Civilization -- Dictionaries; India -- Languages -- Influence on English -- Dictionaries
_bacia_), _līlām_ and _nīlām_ ('an auction'), besides a number of terms
used by Lascars on board ship.
The Dutch language has not contributed much to our store. The Dutch and the
English arrived in the Indies contemporaneously, and though both inherited
from the Portuguese, we have not been the heirs of the Dutch to any great
extent, except in Ceylon, and even there Portuguese vocables had already
occupied the colloquial ground. _Petersilly_, the word in general use in
English families for 'parsley,' appears to be Dutch. An example from Ceylon
that occurs to memory is _burgher_. The Dutch admitted people of mixt
descent to a kind of citizenship, and these were distinguished from the
pure natives by this term, which survives. _Burgher_ in Bengal means 'a
rafter,' properly _bargā_. A word spelt and pronounced in the same way had
again a curiously different application in Madras, where it was a
corruption of _Vaḍagar_, the name given to a tribe in the Nilgherry
hills;—to say nothing of Scotland, where Burghers and Antiburghers were
Northern tribes (_veluti_ Gog _et_ Magog!) which have long been condensed
into elements of the United Presbyterian Church——!
Southern India has contributed to the Anglo-Indian stock words that are in
hourly use also from Calcutta to Peshawur (some of them already noted under
another cleavage), _e.g._ _betel_, _mango_, _jack_, _cheroot_, _mungoose_,
_pariah_, _bandicoot_, _teak_, _patcharee_, _chatty_, _catechu_, _tope_ ('a
grove'), _curry_, _mulligatawny_, _congee_. _Mamooty_ (a digging tool) is
familiar in certain branches of the service, owing to its having long had a
place in the nomenclature of the Ordnance department. It is Tamil,
_manvĕtti_, 'earth-cutter.' Of some very familiar words the origin remains
either dubious, or matter only for conjecture. Examples are _hackery_
(which arose apparently in Bombay), _florican_, _topaz_.
As to Hindustani words adopted into the Anglo-Indian colloquial the subject
is almost too wide and loose for much remark. The habit of introducing
these in English conversation and writing seems to prevail more largely in
the Bengal Presidency than in any other, and especially more than in
Madras, where the variety of different vernaculars in use has tended to
make their acquisition by the English less universal than is in the north
that of Hindustani, which is so much easier to learn, and also to make the
use in former days of Portuguese, and now of English, by natives in contact
with foreigners, and of French about the French settlements, very much more
common than it is elsewhere. It is this bad habit of interlarding English
with Hindustani phrases which has so often excited the just wrath of high
English officials, not accustomed to it from their youth, and which
(_e.g._) drew forth in orders the humorous indignation of Sir Charles
Napier.
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