Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and DiscursiveYule, Henry, Sir
History
Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive
Yule, Henry, Sir
English language -- Foreign words and phrases -- Indic -- Dictionaries; English language -- India -- Dictionaries; English language -- India -- Etymology -- Dictionaries; India -- Civilization -- Dictionaries; India -- Languages -- Influence on English -- Dictionaries
One peculiarity in this use we may notice, which doubtless exemplifies some
obscure linguistic law. Hindustani _verbs_ which are thus used are
habitually adopted into the quasi-English by converting the imperative into
an infinitive. Thus to _bunow_, to _lugow_, to _foozilow_, to _puckarow_,
to _dumbcow_, to _sumjow_, and so on, almost _ad libitum_, are formed as we
have indicated.[15]
It is curious to note that several of our most common adoptions are due to
what may be most especially called the Oordoo (_Urdū_) or 'Camp' language,
being terms which the hosts of Chinghiz brought from the steppes of North
Eastern Asia—_e.g._ "The old _Bukshee_ is an awful _bahadur_, but he keeps
a first-rate _bobachee_." That is a sentence which might easily have passed
without remark at an Anglo-Indian mess-table thirty years ago—perhaps might
be heard still. Each of the outlandish terms embraced in it came from the
depths of Mongolia in the thirteenth century. _Chick_ (in the sense of a
cane-blind), _daroga_, _oordoo_ itself, are other examples.
With the gradual assumption of administration after the middle of last
century, we adopted into partial colloquial use an immense number of terms,
very many of them Persian or Arabic, belonging to technicalities of revenue
and other departments, and largely borrowed from our Mahommedan
predecessors. Malay has contributed some of our most familiar expressions,
owing partly to the ceaseless rovings among the Eastern coasts of the
Portuguese, through whom a part of these reached us, and partly doubtless
to the fact that our early dealings and the sites of our early factories
lay much more on the shores of the Eastern Archipelago than on those of
Continental India. _Paddy_, _godown_, _compound_, _bankshall_, _rattan_,
_durian_, _a-muck_, _prow_, and _cadjan_, _junk_, _crease_, are some of
these. It is true that several of them may be traced eventually to Indian
originals, but it seems not the less certain that we got them through the
Malay, just as we got words already indicated through the Portuguese.
We used to have a very few words in French form, such as _boutique_ and
_mort-de-chien_. But these two are really distortions of Portuguese words.
A few words from China have settled on the Indian shores and been adopted
by Anglo-India, but most of them are, I think, names of fruits or other
products which have been imported, such as _loquot_, _leechee_,
_chow-chow_, _cumquat_, _ginseng_, &c. and (recently) _jinrickshaw_. For it
must be noted that a considerable proportion of words much used in Chinese
ports, and often ascribed to a Chinese origin, such as _mandarin_, _junk_,
_chop_, _pagoda_, and (as I believe) _typhoon_ (though this is a word much
debated) are not Chinese at all, but words of Indian languages, or of
Malay, which have been precipitated in Chinese waters during the flux and
reflux of foreign trade.
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