If, however, consistent applications of such knowledge are to be made in order that desirable saving in time, labour, money, health, or happiness shall be effected, graduate women of high attainments are urgently needed for the work. It is they only who can bring to bear upon the problems of childhood and adolescence, of food, of clothing, of housing, of domestic economics, of occupation, rest, and recreation, the patient study and research in the interests of humanity, which men of similar standing have lavished upon the advancement of commerce and industrial processes. It is by their skilled labour in the almost untrodden field of domestic science that the millions of homes will benefit which are committed to the charge of women who possess neither time, opportunity, nor ability to carry out these indispensable investigations, but who can yet effectively fulfil their responsibilities, if they be supported by systematic training and organised common sense, based on sound knowledge. It is in the hope of forwarding these objects that this book has been prepared. ALICE RAVENHILL. CATHERINE SCHIFF. _Nov. 1910._ CONTENTS INTRODUCTION--A BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH OF WOMAN'S POSITION IN THE FAMILY 11 By CATHERINE SCHIFF, Officier d'Académie THE PLACE OF BIOLOGY IN THE EQUIPMENT OF WOMEN 35 By WENONA HOSKYNS-ABRAHALL, M.A. (Dub.) SCIENCE IN THE HOUSEHOLD 71 By Mrs. W. N. SHAW, formerly Lecturer of Newnham College, Cambridge. Author of "First Lessons in Observational Geometry." THE ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF THE HOUSEHOLD 121 By MABEL ATKINSON, M.A. (Glasgow), Lecturer in Economics, King's College for Women (University of London), formerly Scott Scholar in the University of Glasgow; Research Student at the London School of Economics; and Fellow of Economics, Bryn Mawr College, U.S.A. Author of "Local Government in Scotland." SOME RELATIONS OF SANITARY SCIENCE TO FAMILY LIFE AND INDIVIDUAL EFFICIENCY 207 By ALICE RAVENHILL, late Lecturer in Hygiene, King's College for Women (University of London), &c. Author of "Practical Hygiene," "Some Characteristics and Requirements of Childhood," "Elements of Sanitary Law," "Household Foes." MODERN WOMAN AND THE DOMESTIC ARTS-- I. NEEDLEWORK AND DRESSMAKING 295 By Mrs. R. W. EDDISON, Gen. Hon. Sec. Yorkshire Ladies' Council of Education, Added Member of Education Committee of County Council of West Riding of Yorkshire, &c. II. HOUSECRAFT 308 By MAUD R. TAYLOR, Examiner in Domestic Science. A BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH OF WOMAN'S POSITION IN THE FAMILY BY CATHERINE SCHIFF