The first of these facts is that Science admits the existence of living individual personalities. When a man is made a Fellow of the Royal Society, or when a President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science is elected, the choice falls upon more than a mere bulk of matter combined with a certain amount of force and energy. Added to these there is a something characterised by knowledge, memory, consciousness, will, conscience, morality, a perception of good and evil, a capability of love and hatred, and all the other qualities that go to the making up of what people mean when they speak of a “soul.” If “non-survivalists” prefer to use some other word, well and good. Disputes about names are a mere beating of the air. What is of moment is that all parties are agreed as to the real existence of the something to which reference has here been made. The second fact is that Science admits the “soul” and body of a human being to be distinct and separate entities, even though they may be closely associated. This is not so clearly obvious as the first fact; and some--though not many--scientists may feel disposed to challenge the accuracy of the assertion. It is necessary, therefore, to substantiate it in a detailed fashion. It is a matter of common knowledge that if a man’s body be deprived of an arm, a leg, an eye, etc., the “soul” is not affected thereby in any essential way. Our hair may be shaved off, our nails cut, our teeth extracted, and our “souls” are none the worse for the operations. A lung may be put out of action by tuberculosis and the “soul” lives on unaffected. A human being may be “apparently drowned” or may become entranced. His breathing may cease, his very heart may stop beating. The ordinary bodily mechanism by means of which the “soul” makes its presence known may cease to be operative, and--as actually happens now and again--the individual may be so “dead” in the judgment of physicians that he or she is laid out for burial, aye, and is sometimes buried in real earnest, while all the time the soul is as full of life as ever it was. Every person of education is aware that these are matters of frequent observation and experience. They cannot be denied. They are not consistent with the idea of the existence of the “soul” being limited by the existence of the body.