Origin and development of a sense of personal selfhood--The social self--Character and will--The enhancement of the self--Egoism _versus_ altruism--Self-satisfaction and dissatisfaction--The contrast between the self and others--Types of self--Self-display or boldness--Self-sufficient modesty--The positive and flexible self--Dogmatism and self-assertion--Enthusiasm--The negative self--Eccentrics--The active and the contemplative--Emotions aroused in the maintenance of the self--The individuality of groups. CHAPTER IX INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES The meaning of individual differences--Causes of individual differences--The influence of sex--The influence of race--The influence of immediate ancestry or family--The influence of the environment--Individual differences--Democracy and education. CHAPTER X LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION Language as a social habit--Language and mental life--The instability of language--Changes in meaning--Uniformities in language--Standardization of language--Counter-tendencies toward differentiation--Language as emotional and logical--Language and logic. CHAPTER XI RACIAL AND CULTURAL CONTINUITY Restriction of population--Cultural continuity--Uncritical veneration of the past--Romantic idealization of the past--Change synonymous with evil--"Order" _versus_ change--Personal or class opposition to change--Uncritical disparagement--Critical examination of the past--Limitations of the past--Education as the transmitter of the past. PART II--THE CAREER OF REASON INTRODUCTION CHAPTER XII RELIGION AND THE RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE The religious experience--"The reality of the unseen"--Experiences which frequently find religious expression--Need and impotence--Fear and awe--Regret, remorse: repentance and penance--Joy and enthusiasm: festivals and thanksgivings--Theology--The description of the divine--The divine as the human ideal--The religious experience, theology and science--Mechanistic science and theology--Religion and science--The church as a social institution--The social consequences of institutionalized religion--Intolerance and inquisition--Quietism and consolation: other-worldliness. CHAPTER XIII ART AND THE AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE Art _versus_ nature--The emergence of the fine arts--The aesthetic experience--Appreciation _versus_ action--Sense satisfaction--Form--Expression--Art as vicarious experience--Art and aesthetic experience in the social order--Art as an industry--Art and morals. CHAPTER XIV SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC METHOD