Humphry Davy, Poet and PhilosopherThorpe, T. E. (Thomas Edward)
Science
Humphry Davy, Poet and Philosopher
Thorpe, T. E. (Thomas Edward)
Davy, Humphry, Sir, 1778-1829
It is perfectly true, as Davy surmised, that potassium can combine with
more oxygen than is contained in potash, but it is no less true, as he
himself proved by his discovery of the so-called _euchlorine_, that
chlorine can combine with oxygen. Although he made several attempts
to isolate Mr. Chenevix’s hyper-oxygenised muriatic acid, he was
not successful at the time, and was evidently disposed to doubt its
separate existence.
The remaining portion of the paper, although of interest as
exemplifying Davy’s power of dealing with the broad issues which
his views raise, need not detain us now. He seizes the opportunity,
however, to correct his statements with regard to the presumed compound
nature of sulphur and phosphorus, and gives details of observations,
some of which, as in other of his papers, have been “discovered” by
subsequent observers. Thus he states:--
“I have never been able to burn sulphur in oxygen without forming
sulphuric acid in small quantities; but in several experiments
I have obtained from 92 to 98 parts of sulphurous acid from 100
of oxygen in volume; from which I am inclined to believe that
sulphurous acid consists of sulphur dissolved in an equal volume
of oxygen.”
It was hardly to be expected that views so entirely opposed to
the convictions of chemists at the time should pass unchallenged.
Berzelius, the countryman of Scheele, warmly defended the doctrine
of the French School, and yet another Scotch professor sought to show
that Davy was still “vera troublesome.” The controversy, in which Davy
himself took little part, occasioned considerable stir at the period,
and was even of interest outside philosophical circles. The discussion
was not without its uses, inasmuch as it led to fresh discoveries.
The noise of it all, however, is now forgotten. Berzelius eventually
enjoined his cook to speak no longer of oxymuriatic acid: “Thou must
call it _chlorine_, Anna; that is better.” Dr. Murray, with the
pertinacity of his race, still clung to the old doctrine, and defended
it with no little dialectical subtlety, but he alone was faithful among
the faithless. It is true there has been an occasional flutter in the
dovecots since these times, and the faith of chemists in the validity
of Davy’s teaching has been once or twice assailed, but as yet it has
survived all assaults.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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