_General Information_: Although this is a common species growing in damp places under alder it is difficult except with an expert eye to separate it from several closely related species which are also found in similar places. At present it is not known whether these fungi are favoured by the water-logged base-rich, reducing soils found nowhere else except under alder, or if they have a special relationship with the tree. There is ample evidence that soil conditions in alder woods are rather different from those found in other woodlands, but whatever the reason _Naucoria escharoides_ is only found under alder--in fact this species has been placed in the genus _Alnicola_ because of this character--_cola_ meaning inhabitant and _Alnus_ the tree of that name. Willow-carrs have not been as extensively studied as alder-carrs but there is evidence that a store of mycological information is still to be obtained from these places. Several species of _Naucoria_ have been described from only willow-carrs, while others are to be found under both alder and willows; about eight species are known to grow under alder. The word _escharoides_ means scab-like and refers to the cap which when freshly collected is minutely scaly and appears scabby. _Illustrations_: LH 163; WD 67¹. (iv) Fungi of beds of herbaceous plants Beds of herbaceous plants provide protection for many small agarics and collecting can be conducted in these situations from spring to early winter. The buffered environments under the herbs is humid and relatively still, and this allows the development of the small often delicate fruit-bodies of certain species to continue unimpeded. Nettle-beds or mixtures of nettle and dog’s mercury have very rich floras under the shelter of their leaves and stems, either on the bare soil or plant debris. On herbaceous stems ~Coprinus urticicola~ (Berkeley & Broome) Buller _Cap_: width 4-7 mm. _Stem_: width 1 mm; length 10-15 mm. _Description_: Plate 76. Cap: white then greyish, globose at first and then expanding to become plane with upturned margin covered, at first, with scales from a veil which at the centre are white-tipped with ochre. Stem: white and slightly downy. Spore-print: brownish black. Spores: elliptic-ovoid, only slightly compressed with distinct germ-pore, dark brown under the microscope and 6-8 × 5 µm in size. Marginal cystidia: ellipsoid to pyriform and hyaline. Facial cystidia: elongate cylindric larger than marginal cystidia. On bare soil ~Leptonia babingtonii~ (Bloxam) P. D. Orton _Cap_: 5-15 mm. _Stem_: width 1 mm; length 20-50 mm. _Description_: Plate 76. Cap: grey to sepia or greyish brown entirely scaly-hairy, at first, but then fibrillose. Stem: silvery grey to grey-sepia and silky fibrillose. Gills: greyish pink. Spore-print: greyish pink.