Ilex cassine, the aboriginal North American tea: $b Its history, distribution, and use among the native North American IndiansHale, Edwin M. (Edwin Moses)
Religion
Ilex cassine, the aboriginal North American tea: $b Its history, distribution, and use among the native North American Indians
Hale, Edwin M. (Edwin Moses)
Aquifoliaceae; Black drink; Ilex vomitoria; Indians of North America -- Food -- Southern States
I sent a second expedition, with two shallops, having soldiers
and sailors aboard, with a present to be given in my name to
the widow of a deceased chief named Hionacara, who lived about
12 miles north of us. She received my men kindly, and loaded
both of these shallops, for me, with maize and nuts; and she
sent in addition some baskets of cassina leaves, of which they
make a drink.
In another place he describes the proceedings of the original
Floridians in deliberating on important affairs; this description is
illustrated with a spirited drawing:
The chief and his nobles are accustomed during certain days of
the year to meet early every morning for this express purpose
in a public place, in which a long bench is constructed, having
at the middle of it a projecting part laid with nine round
trunks of trees, for the chief’s seat. On this he sits by
himself for distinction sake; and the rest come to salute him,
one at a time, the oldest first, by lifting both hands twice
to the height of the head, and saying, “Ha, he, ya, ha, ha.”
To this the rest answer, “Ha, ha.” Each as he completes his
salutation, takes his seat on the bench. If any question of
importance is to be discussed the chief calls upon his lauas
(that is, his priests), and upon the elders, one at a time, to
deliver their opinions. They decide upon nothing until they
have held a number of councils over it, and they deliberate
very sagely before deciding. Meanwhile the chief orders the
women to boil some cassine; which is a drink prepared from
the leaves from a certain root and which they afterwards pass
through a strainer.
The chief and his councillors being now seated in their places,
one stands before him, and spreading forth his hands wide
open, asks a blessing upon the chief and the others who are to
drink. Then the cup-bearer brings the hot drink in a capacious
shell, first to the chief, and then, as the chief directs, to
the rest in their order, in the same shell. They esteem this
drink so highly that no one is allowed to drink it in council
unless he has proved himself a brave warrior. Moreover, this
drink has the quality of at once throwing into a sweat whoever
drinks it. On this account those who can not keep it down, but
whose stomachs reject it, are not intrusted with any difficult
commission, or any military responsibility, being considered
unfit, for they often have to go three or four days without
food; but one who can drink this liquor can go for 24 hours
afterward without eating or drinking. In military expeditions
also, the only supplies which they carry consist of gourd
bottles or wooden vessels full of this drink. It strengthens
and nourishes the body, and yet does not fly to the head, as we
have observed on occasion of these feasts of theirs.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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