Illustrated history of ancient literature, oriental and classical — John Shaqi
Illustrated history of ancient literature, oriental and classicalQuackenbos, John D. (John Duncan)
History
Illustrated history of ancient literature, oriental and classical
Quackenbos, John D. (John Duncan)
Classical literature -- History and criticism; Oriental literature -- History and criticism
Another curious feature of the Hindoo drama was the absence of scenery,
the plays being mostly represented in the open air, the courts of
palaces, etc. The great advantage which the modern performer derives
from fine scenic effects was entirely wanting. Changes of scene could
be indicated only in the text, by minute descriptions of the new
locality, thrown into the mouths of the speakers and left for the
audience to fill out and remember. No shifting of scenes, for instance,
as with us, would denote the entrance of one of the characters from
out-doors into a drawing-room; but the personage entering, either in
a soliloquy or in colloquy with some other, would immediately call
attention to every little point—the threshold, the floor, the ceiling,
the walls, the doors, the windows, the furniture—and the glowing fancy
of his hearers would at once picture the scene as vividly as if it
stood before them in reality.
The proprieties were strictly observed. To represent a death scene
would have been intolerable; nor only so, but in the earlier and
purer days no dramatist would introduce before his audience a scene
of violence, eating, sleeping, or the performance of the marriage
ceremony. A charming love-scene in the Sakoontalâ breaks off just at
the critical moment when the hero and heroine are about to interchange
a token of affection; yet the embrace does not appear always to have
been repugnant to the Hindoo ideas of delicacy.
As to the date of the dramas that have been mentioned, they are
supposed to have been written during the first ten centuries of the
Christian Era; but here, as in the case of the epics and lyrics, we
are left to conjecture. Could we know more certainly what times they
reflect, our pleasure in perusing them would be complete.
TALES AND FABLES.
India has long enjoyed the reputation, and not without reason, of
having been the favorite home of fairy-tale and fable. From her
storehouse of fictions, many waifs have crept into the literatures of
both Europe and Asia, and striking the popular taste have attained
wide currency. Tongues have changed, dynasties have fallen; but these
stories by unknown hands still live in the nursery, influencing the
pliant minds of the children of to-day as they have done those of the
last twenty centuries.
The Sanscrit has two great collections of fables,—the Pankatantra,
_Five Stories_ (more properly _Five Sections_); and the Hitopadesa,
_Friendly Advice_, a charming compilation from the former. The
Hitopadesa, translated into many languages, has almost rivalled in
circulation the Bible itself. In the following fable, selected from
“the Friendly Advice,” will be seen the germ of La Fontaine’s charming
imitation, “the Milkmaid and the Pitcher of Milk;” both point the same
moral as our own cautionary proverb, “Don’t count your chickens before
they are hatched.”
THE STUPID BRAHMAN.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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