Illustrations of Shakspeare, and of Ancient Manners:: with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shakspeare; on a Collection of Popular Tales Entitled Gesta Romanorum; and on the English Morris dance.Douce, Francis
History
Illustrations of Shakspeare, and of Ancient Manners:: with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shakspeare; on a Collection of Popular Tales Entitled Gesta Romanorum; and on the English Morris dance.
Douce, Francis
Clowns -- England -- History -- 16th century; Clowns in literature; Exempla in literature; Fools and jesters -- England -- History -- 16th century; Fools and jesters in literature; Gesta Romanorum; Manners and customs in literature; Morris dance; Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Characters -- Clow
Mr. Steevens in a note on this word in the last mentioned play has
observed that the _primitive_ sense of _urchin_ is a hedge-hog, whence
it came, says he, to signify any thing dwarfish. There is however
good reason for supposing it of Celtic origin. _Erch_ in Welsh, is
_terrible_, and _urzen_, a _superior intelligence_. In the Bas Breton
language _urcha_ signifies to _howl_. "_Urthinwad Elgin_," says Scot in
his _Discovery of witchcraft_, p. 224, edit. 1665, "was a spirit in the
days of King Solomon, came over with Julius Cæsar, and remained many
hundred years in Wales, where he got the above name."
The _urchin_ or _irchin_, in the sense of a hedge-hog, is certainly
derived from the Latin _ericeus_; and whoever is desirous of more
information concerning the radical of _ericeus_ may be gratified by
consulting Vossius's _Etymologicon_ v. _erinaceus_. With respect to the
application of urchin to any thing dwarfish, for we still say a _little
urchin_, this sense of the word seems to have originated rather from
the circumstance of its having once signified a fairy, who is always
supposed to be a diminutive being, than from the cause assigned by Mr.
Steevens.
It is true that in the ensuing act Caliban speaks of Prospero's
_spirits_ as attacking him _in the shape of hedge-hogs_, for which
another reason will be offered presently; and yet the word in question
is only one out of many used by Shakspeare, which may be best disposed
of by concluding that he designed they should be taken in both or
either of their senses.
In a very rare old collection of songs set to music by John Bennett,
Edward Piers or Peirce, and Thomas Ravenscroft, composers in the
time of Shakspeare, and entitled _Hunting_, _hawking_, _dauncing_,
_drinking_, _enamoring_, 4to, no date, there are, the _fairies_ dance,
the _elves_ dance, and the _urchins_ dance. This is the latter:
"By the moone we sport and play,
With the night begins our day;
As we friske the dew doth fall,
Trip it little _urchins_ all,
Lightly as the little bee,
Two by two, and three by three,
And about goe wee, goe wee."
SCENE 2. Page 40.
CAL. It would control my dam's God _Setebos_.
In Dr. Farmer's note it should have been added that the passage from
Eden's _History of travayle_ was part of Magellan's _Voyage_; or in Mr.
Tollet's, that Magellan was included in Eden's collection.
SCENE 2. Page 42.
ARI. Those are pearls, that were his eyes.
We had already had this image in King Richard the third, where
Clarence, describing his dream, says:
"... in those holes
Where eyes did once inhabit, there were crept
(As 'twere in scorn of eyes) reflecting gems."
SCENE 2. Page 44.
MIRA ... What is't, a spirit?
Lord, how it looks about! Believe me, sir,
It carries a brave form.
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