Illustrations of Shakspeare, and of Ancient Manners:: with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shakspeare; on a Collection of Popular Tales Entitled Gesta Romanorum; and on the English Morris dance. — John Shaqi
Illustrations of Shakspeare, and of Ancient Manners:: with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shakspeare; on a Collection of Popular Tales Entitled Gesta Romanorum; and on the English Morris dance.Douce, Francis
History
Illustrations of Shakspeare, and of Ancient Manners:: with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shakspeare; on a Collection of Popular Tales Entitled Gesta Romanorum; and on the English Morris dance.
Douce, Francis
Clowns -- England -- History -- 16th century; Clowns in literature; Exempla in literature; Fools and jesters -- England -- History -- 16th century; Fools and jesters in literature; Gesta Romanorum; Manners and customs in literature; Morris dance; Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Characters -- Clow
Mr. Holt White's information from a passage in Latimer's sermons, that
the tester was then worth _more_ than _six-pence_, is so far correct;
but as an inference might be drawn from the quotation that it was
actually worth _ten-pence_, it becomes necessary to state that at that
time, viz. in 1550, the tester was worth _twelve-pence_. It is presumed
that no accurate account of this piece of coin has been hitherto given;
and therefore the following attempt, which has been attended with no
small labour, may not be unacceptable.
The term, variously written, _teston_, _tester_, _testern_, and, in
_Twelfth night_, _testril_, is from the French _teston_, and so called
from the king's head, which first appeared on this coin in the reign
of Louis XII. A. D. 1513, though the Italians seem previously to have
had a coin of the same denomination. In our own country the name was
first applied to the English shilling (originally coined by Henry the
Seventh) at the beginning of the reign of Henry the Eighth, probably
because it resembled in value the French coin above described; so that
_shilling_ and _teston_ were at that time synonymous terms. Although
the teston underwent several reductions in value, it appears to have
been worth twelve-pence at the beginning of Edward the Sixth's reign,
from three several proclamations in his second and third years for
calling in, and at length annihilating, this coin, on account of the
forgeries that had been committed; Sir William Sharington having
falsified it to the amount of 12,000_l._, for which by an express act
of parliament he was attainted of treason. In the above proclamations
the testons are specifically described as "pieces of xiid commonly
called testons;" and in the last of them, the possessors are allowed
twelve-pence apiece on bringing them to the mint. Sir Henry Spelman,
who has asserted in his glossary that the teston was reduced to
nine-pence in the _first_ year of King Edward, must be mistaken. Stowe
more correctly informs us that on the 9th of July 1551 (the _fifth_
year of the King's reign), the base shillings of Henry VIII. and
Edward VI. were called down to _nine_-pence, and on the 17th of August
following to _six_-pence. He afterwards, under the year 1559, cites a
proclamation for reducing it still lower, viz. to fourpence halfpenny.
We must conclude that it again rose in value as the coin became
improved; for it appears from _Twelfth night_, Act II. Scene 3, that it
was in Shakspeare's time the same as the six-pence, and it has probably
continued ever since as another name for that coin.
SCENE 2. Page 185.
JUL. I see you have a _month's mind_ to them.
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