Illustrations of Shakspeare, and of Ancient Manners:: with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shakspeare; on a Collection of Popular Tales Entitled Gesta Romanorum; and on the English Morris dance.Douce, Francis
History
Illustrations of Shakspeare, and of Ancient Manners:: with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shakspeare; on a Collection of Popular Tales Entitled Gesta Romanorum; and on the English Morris dance.
Douce, Francis
Clowns -- England -- History -- 16th century; Clowns in literature; Exempla in literature; Fools and jesters -- England -- History -- 16th century; Fools and jesters in literature; Gesta Romanorum; Manners and customs in literature; Morris dance; Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Characters -- Clow
There is a great deal of quotation given in the notes, but nothing
after all that amounts to an explanation of the term. It alludes to
the mind or _remembrance_ days of our Popish ancestors. Persons in
their wills often directed that in a _month_, or any other specific
time, from the day of their decease, some solemn office for the repose
of their souls, as a mass or dirge, should be performed in the parish
church, with a suitable charity or benevolence on the occasion.
Polydore Vergil has shown that the custom is of Roman origin; and
he seems to speak of the month's mind as a ceremony peculiar to the
English. _De rer. invent._ lib. vi. c. 10.
ACT II.
SCENE 2. Page 201.
JUL. Keep this remembrance for thy Julia's sake.
[_giving a ring._
PRO. Why then we'll make exchange; here, take you this.
JUL. And seal the bargain with a holy kiss.
This was the mode of plighting troth between lovers in private. It was
sometimes done in the church with great solemnity, and the service on
this occasion is preserved in some of the old rituals. To the latter
ceremony the priest alludes in _Twelfth night_, Act V. Scene 1.
"A contract of eternal bond of love
Confirm'd by mutual joinder of your hands,
Attested by the holy close of lips,
Strengthen'd by interchangement of your rings, &c."
SCENE 4. Page 210.
SIL. That you are welcome?
PRO. ... _No_; that you are worthless.
Dr. Johnson has here inserted the particle _no_, "to fill up the
_measure_;" but the measure is not defective though the harmony is.
Mr. Steevens, disputing the suggestion of a brother critic, that
_worthless_ might have been designed as a trisyllable, asks whether
_worthless_ in the preceding speech of Sylvia is a trisyllable?
Certainly not; but he should have remembered the want of uniformity of
metre in many words among the poets of this period. Thus in p. 223,
lines 8 and 9, the word _fire_ is alternately used as a monosyllable
and dissyllable; and where the quantity is complete, as in the present
instance, the harmony is often left to shift for itself.
ACT III.
SCENE 1. Page 232.
DUKE. Why Phaeton, (for thou _art_ Merop's son)
It is far more likely that Shakspeare found this at the end of the
first book of Golding's _Ovid's metamorphosis_, than in the authorities
referred to in Mr. Steevens's note.
SCENE 1. Page 239.
LAUN. There; and _Saint Nicholas_ be thy speed.
The true reason why this Saint was chosen to be the patron of Scholars
may be gathered from the following story in his life, composed in
French verse by _Maitre Wace_, chaplain to Henry the Second, remaining
in manuscript but never printed. It appears from a passage in
Ordericus Vitalis, p. 598, that the metrical legends of Saints were
sung by the Norman minstrels to the common people.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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